Q: What are the two proteins/factors produced by cytotoxic - T cells to kill a virally-infected cell-
A: Introduction : It is type of immune cell which kill certain cells, including foreign cells,…
Q: What types of compounds in bacterial cells can serve as antigens?
A: Bacteria are prokaryotic cells, they are present in various shapes in nature like rod-shaped,…
Q: What are chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) ?
A: The patient with impairment or dysfunction of the immune cells is aided clinically by a process…
Q: Is Crohn's disease considered as an autoimmune disease. If it is, are there other predisposing…
A: Chron's disease and it's linkage
Q: Define antigenic shift, antigenic drift, and original antigenic sin.
A: A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism.…
Q: What is an immunoglobulin? Describe the structure of an immunoglobulin molecule (light chain and…
A: Immunity is a state of resistance of an organism to invading biotic or abiotic pathogens and their…
Q: What are three roles played by the Fc domain of an antibody?
A: Antibodies are immune system-related proteins called immunoglobulins. Each antibody consists of four…
Q: All of the antibodies are shown with just one antigen binding site occupied. If a single antibody…
A: Answer- Each antibody have two binding sites for the foreign antigens. But more complex antibodies…
Q: Why is IgM particularly effective at cross-linking antigens?
A: Antigens can be defined as the substances that is responsible for triggering the immune response…
Q: What is the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) or human leukocyte antigens (HLA)?
A: Immunity is a state of resistance of an organism to invading biotic or abiotic pathogens and their…
Q: what is a humoral immunity in a concept map form with 10 like words or phrases?
A: Immunity…
Q: Would a denatured antigen be expected to have the same epitopes as its native (undenatured)…
A: An epitope is a small part in antigen. This portion of antigen is recognized by antibody. They may…
Q: what type of immunity is responsible for aggulutination of viruses
A:
Q: What are the attributes of immunoglobulins produced by multiple myeloma. Do they help the immune…
A:
Q: What is the complement strand to this à 3’-AATGCTCGATTCGGCTA – 5’?
A: The genetic code is a set of rules that govern how information encoded in genetic material, such as…
Q: Which of the enzymatic fragments are able to bind antigen?
A: BASIC INFORMATION IMMUNE SYSTEM It defends our body from the foreign particles which can cause…
Q: Which of the IgG subclasses is most efficient at activating complement?
A: Immunoglobulins, otherwise called antibodies, are glycoprotein particles created by plasma cells.…
Q: What is the point to labeling a secondary antibody with a marker that can be visualized instead of…
A: Introduction: The antibodies are used to detect certain antigens in a technique called ELISA. In…
Q: Under what conditions are interferons produced, and howdo they limit the transmission of viruses…
A: Interferons (IFNs) are the group of soluble glycoproteins which are known to be cytokines. These are…
Q: How is the gp120 protein important to HIV and its ability to confound the immune system?
A: Envelope glycoprotein GP120 is a glycoprotein exposed on the surface of the HIV envelope.
Q: Define antigenic shift
A: Immunity is the capability of multicellular organisms to resist the attack of harmful…
Q: To diagnose someone with HIV, what do they look for in the blood?
A: AIDS ( acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is caused by HIV ( human immunodeficiency virus). This…
Q: What types of cells display MHC class I and class IIantigen complexes, and what happens as a result?
A: MHC or Major Histocompatibility complex is a locus present in the DNA of vertebrates. This locus has…
Q: Some antigens are super antigen?
A: An antigen is a molecular construction that might be available outwardly of a microorganism, that…
Q: How do foreignness, size, and complexity contribute to antigenicity?
A: An antigen can be defined as a foreign substance or a toxic material that stimulates an immune…
Q: Which two types of immune cells can viruses avoid if they present “fake” MHC class I molecules when…
A: The immune system is defined as a complex network or system of cells and proteins that will defend…
Q: Explain why IgG subclasses is most efficient at activating complement?
A: Ans: IgG is one of the class of antibody important in eliciting the immune response.
Q: Why does antibody titer rise after infection? Is ahigh antibody titer indicative of an ongoing…
A: Antibody titer basically refers to the amount of antibody produced by the organisms. This value is…
Q: Why Some antigens are super antigen ?
A: In immunology, an antigen is a molecule that might be available outwardly of a microorganism, that…
Q: what is a “cytokine storm”?
A: The term "cytokine" is made up of two terms - cyto meaning cell and kine meaning signaling.…
Q: How are siRNA used to treat Ebola?
A: Ebola virus causes fatalistically intense severe hemorrhagic fever . Also known as Ebola…
Q: What are H and N spikes and how do they affect immunity in relation to the flue and why is it…
A: Common cold or flu is a viral infection that is transmitted through the air from person-to-person.…
Q: What are antigenic determininants? What is their role, and how do they function?
A: An antigen is a substance that is regarded as foreign by our immune system. The antigen induces our…
Q: Why does an inactivated vaccine induce only a humoral response, whereas an attenuated vaccine…
A: The immune system in the body act as a defense system. It fights against disease and infection. The…
Q: Why are the genes that encode these antigens so variable?
A: Immunity can be defined as the presence of different components involved in different mechanisms for…
Q: What are the Immunologic mechanisms?
A: Immunologic mechanisms are molecular or cellular regulatory mechanisms.
Q: Why do cold sores recur throughout the lifetime of an HSV-1 infected individual?
A: HSV-1 infection of the CNS can have lifelong effects such as permanent temporal lobe damage.After…
Q: How different are theactions of antibodies againstbacteria and against virus?Why is the cellular…
A: Immunology is the branch of medical science that deals with the study of the immune system and…
Q: What is the Laboratory diagnosis of influenza A virus subtype H1N1? And what are the Prevention,…
A: Viruses are the infectious agents that belong to a class of parasites. They are smaller than…
Q: what is an autoimmune disease?
A: Immunity is defined as capability of body to safeguard themselves from the attack of infectious…
Q: What is the function of the MHC antigens? Why are the genes that encode these antigens so variable?
A: Immunity can be defined as the presence of different components involved in different mechanisms for…
Q: How could immunoglobulin cross-reactivity between foreign antigens and host cell antigens result in…
A: Introduction Immunoglobulins are antibodies produced naturally by the immune system of the body that…
In influenza virus, what is antigenic shift and how does it occur?
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- Which two types of immune cells can viruses avoid if they present “fake” MHC class I molecules when infecting a cell?How is the gp120 protein important to HIV and its ability to confound the immune system?What are the immune responses to viral infections? What is the difference between epidemic and pandemic? The “Spanish Flu” in 1918 was caused by the H1N1 influenza virus. What do the “H” and “N” stand for?