Hexokinase catalyzes the following reaction in glycolysis: Glucose + ATP-- glucose-6-phosphate + ADP The standard free-energy change for this reaction in the direction written is -16.7 kJ/mol. The concentrations of the related reaction components in the hepatocyte of a mammalian cell are: Glucose: 5 mM Glucose-6-phosphate: 0.083 mM ATP: 1.85 mM ADP: 0.14 mM What is the actual free-energy change for the reaction at body temperature (37 C)? -14.3 kJ/mol -33.3 kJ/mol +33.3 kJ/mol +14.3 kJ/mol
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- What terms would best describe the above coupled reaction? (If the DGo for ATP hydrolysis into ADP + inorganic phosphate is -7.3 kcal/mole, and the DGo for maltose synthesis from glucose + glucose is +3.7 kcal/mole, calculate the standard free energy change for the combined reaction of ATP + glucose + glucose g ADP + maltose + inorganic phosphate.) it is non-spontaneous and endothermic (because the overall DGo is negative) it is spontaneous and exothermic (because the overall DGo is negative) it is non-spontaneous and endothermic (because the overall DGo is positive) it is spontaneous and exothermic (because the overall DGo is positive) it is non-spontaneous and exothermic (because the overall DGo is negative)Using understanding of the thermodynamics laws, explain the energy transformations for the following processes. a. Glucose – Pyruvase + 2ATF + 2NADH b. Pyruvate – Acetyl-CoA + NaDH c. Citric acid – Oxoloacetate + 3NaDH + FADH2 + ATP d. H20 at PSII – ATP e. Photon at PSI – NADPH f. Co2 + RuBp – 3PG + ATP + NADPH – G3P (1/6 of which is converted to glucose)What is the significance of the ΔG°’ value of each step of Glycolysis? Why do some values classify reactions as irreversible and others as easily reversible?
- If the DGo for ATP hydrolysis into ADP + inorganic phosphate is -7.3 kcal/mole, and the DGo for sucrose synthesis from glucose + fructose is +5.5 kcal/mole, calculate standard free energy change for the combined reaction of ATP + glucose + fructose g ADP + sucrose + inorganic phosphate. DGo = -12.8 kcal/mole DGo = -1.8 kcal/mole DGo = 0 kcal/mole DGo = +1.8 kcal/mole DGo = +12.8 kcal/moleComplete the balanced equation for the overall reaction by selecting an answer choice in the brackets. Sucrose + [2 Pi, 4Pi]+[4 ADP, 2 ADP, 4 ATP, 2ATP]+[2 NAD+, 4 NAD+, 6 NAD+]+[H2O, 5 H2O, 3 H2O] --> [2 cirate, 2 oxaloacetate, 2 pyruvate, 2 acetyl-coA]+[4 ADP, 2 ADP, 4 ATP, 2ATP] + [2 NAD+, 4 NAD+, 6 NAD+] + [2H+, 8H+, 6 H+, 4 H+, 10 H+] Does the commercial process require aerated culture medium—that is, is this a fermentation or an aerobic process? A. a fermentation process, because A. niger cells must use O2O2 to continuously regenerate NAD+ B. an aerobic process, because A. niger cells must use O2O2 to continuously regenerate NAD+ C. a fermentation process, because A. niger cells cannot use O2O2 to continuously regenerate NAD+ D. an aerobic process, because A. niger cells cannot use O2O2 to continuously regenerate NAD+If the hydrolysis of 1 M glucose 6-phosphate catalyzed by glucose 6-phosphatase has a ΔG′∘ of −11.386 kJ/mol at 25 °C, what percentage of substrate remains once the reaction reaches equilibrium assuming no product was initially present? (Round answer to the nearest whole number)
- Complete the following tables by providing the reactants/substrates, enzymes and their functions as well as the products in each step of the glycolysis. An example is given in the first step of glycolysis pathway as your guide. In the last row of each table, give the overall reaction or net equation. PS Same question was already answered in bartleby, I reasked this question to validate if the answer is correct.Complete the following tables by providing the reactants/substrates, enzymes and their functions as well as the products in each step of the glycolysis. An example is given in the first step of glycolysis pathway as your guide. In the last row of each table, give the overall reaction or net equation.Complete the following tables by providing the reactants/substrates, enzymes and their functions as well as the products in each step of the glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid, and fatty acid pathways. An example is given in the first step of glycolysis pathway as your guide. In the last row of each table, give the overall reaction or net equation.
- Explain thermodynamics of glycolysis in relation to Step 3 as shown in the Table and how it does not violate thermodynamic laws?The complete combustion of palmitate and glucose yields 9781 kJ ∙ mol−1 and 2850 kJ ∙ mol−1 of free energy, respectively. Compare these values to the free energy (as ATP) obtained though catabolism of palmitate and glucose under standard conditions. Which process is more efficient?The enzyme malate dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate in the final step that completes the Citric Acid Cycle. The ∆G of this reaction is +29.7 kJ/mol. Explain how this thermodynamically unfavorable reaction could possibly be accomplished by the cell even though the reaction is not coupled to a favorable reaction.