Hot source Figure 1. No engine which can completely convert heat to work exists since this is a violation of the Flow of Heat Second Law of Thermodynamics. (Graphics taken from Atkins and de Paula. Atkins' Physical Chemistry, 8th ed.) energy Engine Work To do: Define entropy to the best of your understanding. You may use diagrams and symbols to help you visualize the concept.

Hot source Figure 1. No engine which can completely convert heat to work exists since this is a violation of the Flow of Heat Second Law of Thermodynamics. (Graphics taken from Atkins and de Paula. Atkins' Physical Chemistry, 8th ed.) energy Engine Work To do: Define entropy to the best of your understanding. You may use diagrams and symbols to help you visualize the concept.

Chemistry for Engineering Students

3rd Edition

ISBN:9781285199023

Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme

Publisher:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme

Chapter10: Entropy And The Second Law Of Thermodynamics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 10.33PAE: According to Lambert, leaves lying in the yard and playing cards that are in disarray on a table...

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In a spontaneous process, S(universe) is (a) 0 (b) = 0 (c) 0
Limestone is predominantly CaCO3, which can undergo the reaction CaCO3(s)CaO(s)+CO2(g). We know from experience that this reaction is not spontaneous, yet S for the reaction is positive. How can the second law of thermodynamics explain that this reaction is not spontaneous?
A chemical reaction transfers 30.8 kJ to a thermal reservoir that has a temperature of 45.3 C before and after the energy transfer. Calculate the entropy change for the thermal reservoir.
Explain why absolute entropies can be measured.
In the thermodynamic definition of a spontaneous process, why is it important that the phrase “continuous intervention” be used rather than just “intervention?”
Explain why the statement No process is 100 efficient is not the best statement of the second law of thermodynamics.
In Figure 16.8 all possible distributions and microstates are shown for four different particles shared between two boxes. Determine the entropy change, S, if the particles are initially evenly distributed between the two boxes, but upon redistribution all end up in Box (b).
Many plastic materials are organic polymers that contain carbon and hydrogen. The oxidation of these plastics in air to farm carbon dioxide and water is a spontaneous process; however, plastic materials tend to persist in the environment. Explain.
According to Lambert, leaves lying in the yard and playing cards that are in disarray on a table have not undergone an increase in their thermodynamic entropy. Suggest another reason why leaves and playing cards may not be a good analogy for the entropy of a system containing, for example, only H2O molecules or only O2 molecules.
Human DNA contains almost twice as much information as is needed to code for all the substances produced in the body. Likewise, the digital data sent from Voyager II contained one redundant bit out of every two bits of information. The Hubble space telescope transmits three redundant bits for every bit of information. How is entropy related to the transmission of information? What do you think is accomplished by having so many redundant bits of information in both DNA and the space probes?
A 2.50-mol sample of gas is compressed isothermally from 20.0 L to 5.00 L under a constant external pressure of 10.0 atm. Calculate w, q, U, and H for the process.
Entropy has been described as times arrow. Interpret this view of entropy.