What is the function of COP II in cells?

Q: What is the source of Interleukin 1, tumor necrosis factor-a, and interleukin 6?

A: Interleukin-1, Tumor Necrosis Factor-a, and Interleukin-6 are all types of cytokines that are…

Q: What are known as oncogenes ?

A: oncogenes are the genes that encode proteins that are capable of inducing cancer in living…

Q: What are adhesins and what are they typicallycomposed of?

A: The essential step in infection or bacterial pathogenesis is adherence that is required to colonize…

Q: What is a regenerative FGD process?

A: Flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) is a set of technologies that is used to remove sulfur dioxide from…

Q: What does tryptophan do for the body?

A: Essential amino acids are amino acids, which cannot be synthesized by the body and are acquired…

Q: What is  cytokinesis? What are its stages?

A: Cytokinesis is the substantial procedure that is a fragment of cell division, which bisects the…

Q: In what major way does transcription of phage DNA differ inphages T4 and T7?

A: The central dogma of the protein synthesis process involves transcription and translation.…

Q: What are light-harvesting complexes (LHCs)?

A: Introduction  Chloroplast is a kind of plastid which is filled with chlorophyll pigment. This…

Q: Define about auxotroph ?

A: A mutation is a biological process occurring in the Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence due to…

Q: How can chemotaxis be measured quantitatively?

A: The response to a chemical stimulus is more precisely known as the chemotaxis. It is widely…

Q: What is chemotaxis?

A: Chemotaxis is the movement of an organism in response to a chemical stimulus. This kind of movement…

Q: What is intragenic suppression.?

A: Genes are the basic structural and functional unit of heredity. They carry coded genetic…

Q: What is oncogene ?

A: The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life. It carries out various functions in…

Q: Define Cdc45-Sld3 complex

A: The cdc45-Sld3 complex is a protein that regulates the cell division cycle important for initiating…

Q: What is the role of 0202 in tissues?

A: The respiratory system or ventilatory system is one of the important systems in the body. This…

Q: What is the CDK(present or absent) of G2 checkpoint?

A: A cell cycle is a series of events that a cell passes through from the time until it reproduces its…

Q: Explain why IC3 is able to stop cancerous cells from dividing ?

A: Tumor-suppressor proteins are those proteins that normally act to stop abnormal cell growth. But…

Q: What type of HPV causes cancer?

A: Human papillomavirus(HPV) is a common virus and it spreads from person to person by skin to skin…

Q: What are cytokinins?Where are they made?

A: Cytokinins are a class of plant growth hormones that promote cell division and the rapid growth and…

Q: What is cytokines ?

A: White blood cells and other cells of the body secrete cytokines, which are low-molecular-weight…

Q: How are “don’t eat me” signalseliminated or inactivated duringapoptosis to allow the cells to…

A: During phagocytosis, healthy cells secrete don't eat me the signal but theses signal needs to be…

Q: What is the source of Interleukin 2?

A: Interleukin It is a group of naturally occurring proteins that mediate communication between cells.…

Q: What are Cytokinins ?

A: Cytokinins: The groups of plant growth promoters are named cytokinins as they help in…

Q: What is plasminogen activator?

A: The process of clotting blood in the body is a very complex process involving a multitude of…

Q: 59. Host Defenses. Which part of IgG will bind to antigen?

A: Antibodies bind to the antigen by a lock and key way to the antigens. IgG antibody represents 75% of…

Q: What are the functions of Natural killer cells?

A: Immunity is a term that refers to the ability of the body to fight against the antigen by producing…

Q: what is Cytokinesis?

A: Cell division is a fundamental process that occurs in every living individual. In this process, a…

Q: he name of the waxy chemical found in Mycobacterium cell walls that promotes immunevasion?

A: Neither absolutely gram-negative nor gram-positive, the envelope of mycobacteria  is planned to…

Q: Is the CDK present in G2 checkpoint?

A: Various checkpoints control the cell cycle..

Q: What types of cells display MHC class I and class IIantigen complexes, and what happens as a result?

A: MHC or Major Histocompatibility complex is a locus present in the DNA of vertebrates. This locus has…

Q: What is the target cell response to decreased ligand concentration?

A: A ligand is often a chemical that establishes a bond with a biomolecule to produce a biological…

Q: Which control antibody can differentiate between plasma membrane and mitochondrial membrane?

A: Antibody or the immunoglobin are the proteins secreted by plasms cells of the immune system. It is…

Q: Why is adaptation during chemotaxis important?

A: Chemotaxis refers to the migration of an organism in response to any chemical stimulus. Bacteria,…

Q: what is a “cytokine storm”?

A: The term "cytokine" is made up of two terms - cyto meaning cell and kine meaning signaling.…

Q: How does DNOC act?

A: 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol (DNOC) is an organic compound that was used as a pesticide. It is extremely…

Q: What is apoptosis and how is it utilized as a quality control mechanism in cellular and humoral…

A: Q  What is apoptosis and how is it utilized as a quality control mechanism in cellular and humoral…

Q: What is the role of gp 120 for HIV?

A: HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. HIV is a retrovirus that causes AIDS. HIV attacks…

Q: What exactly does cytokinesis do?

A: A physical process of cell division that divides the parental cell’s cytoplasm into two daughter…

Q: What is an F cell?

A: The F plasmid (fertility plasmid) is a circular chromosome with 99,159 base pairs. This F plasmid…

Q: What is Cotransduction frequency?

A: Transduction is a process of genetic recombination in bacteria wherein a virus serves as a vector of…

Q: What are some examples of oncogenes?

A: In a normal cell there are some genes that control functions like regulation of apoptosis, some has…

Q: In influenza virus, what is antigenic shift and how does it occur?

A: Influenza is a common viral infection that is caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose,…

Q: What is the function of the MHC antigens? Why are the genes that encode these antigens so variable?

A: Immunity can be defined as the presence of different components involved in different mechanisms for…

Q: What is this survival signal?

A: Survival signaling is usually concerned with blocking the survival signals of the cancer cells.…

Q: How does the TH1 response differ from the TH2 response?

A: The body's response to substances that it perceives to be dangerous or foreign. Antigens (typically…

Defense Mechanism

Circumstances influence and compel people to behave in a certain way. One such behavior is a defense mechanism. It is employed by people to escape from unpleasant circumstances, thoughts and actions. Defense mechanisms are, thus, psychological strategies that help to avert and avoid unwanted feelings such as guilt or shame and situations such as threat and danger.