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- In a cross in Drosophila involving the X-linked recessive eye mutationwhite and the autosomally linked recessive eye mutation sepia(resulting in a dark eye), predict the F1 and F2 results of crossingtrue-breeding parents of the following phenotypes:(a) white females * sepia males(b) sepia females * white malesNote that white is epistatic to the expression of sepiaA geneticist examines an ear of corn in which most kernels are yellow, but he finds a few kernels with purple spots, as shown here. Give a possible explanation for the appearance of the purple spots in these otherwise yellow kernels, accounting for the different sizes of the spots.In Figure 6-2, explain how the mutant polypeptide actsas a spoiler and what its net effect on phenotype is.
- The pedigree here shows the inheritance of a human disease knownas familial hypercholesterolemia. This disorder is characterized by an elevated level of serumcholesterol in the blood. Though relatively rare, this geneticabnormality can be a contributing factor to heart attacks. At themolecular level, this disease is caused by a defective gene thatencodes a protein called low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR).In the bloodstream, serum cholesterol is bound to a carrier proteinknown as low-density lipoprotein (LDL). LDL binds to LDLR,which enables cells to absorb cholesterol. When LDLR is defective,it becomes more difficult for the cells to absorb cholesterol. Thisexplains why the blood level of cholesterol remains high. Basedon the pedigree, what is the most likely pattern of inheritance ofthis disorder?With regard to the T and t alleles, explain what the wordsegregation means.. The production of pigment in the outer layer of seedsof corn requires each of the three independently assorting genes A, C, and R to be represented by at leastone dominant allele, as specified in Problem 64. Thedominant allele Pr of a fourth independently assortinggene is required to convert the biochemical precursorinto a purple pigment, and its recessive allele pr makesthe pigment red. Plants that do not produce pigmenthave yellow seeds. Consider a cross of a strain of genotype A/A ; C/C ; R/R ; pr/pr with a strain of genotypea/a ; c/c ; r/r ; Pr/Pr.a. What are the phenotypes of the parents?b. What will be the phenotype of the F1?c. What phenotypes, and in what proportions, willappear in the progeny of a selfed F1?d. What progeny proportions do you predict from thetestcross of an F1?
- The following pedigree illustrates the inheritance of Nance–Horan syndrome, a rare genetic condition in which affected people have cataracts and abnormally shaped teeth.At the molecular level (with regard to loss-of-function alleles), explain why the ttvv homozygote has an ovate seed capsule.Draw all possible linkage maps for these three genes.
- The pedigree below shows that inheritance of a disease that is caused by a late onset, dominant, autosomal mutation that is rare, but only 50% penetrant. The gene that is mutated in the disease is linked at a distance of 10 cm to a microsatellite marker that has alleles numbered 1, 2, and 3. The marker alleles detected in each individual are indicated below. What is the probability that individual A will develop the disease? Explain using an illustration of this occurs.Colorblindness and hemophilia are both X-linked traits in humans. Explain how a female who has a defective color vision gene on one X chromosome and a defective blood clotting gene causing hemophilia on the other X chromosome can be neither a hemophiliac nor colorblind? Please discuss the effect of Gene dosage compensation in your answer and in your answer describe the molecular process by which this occurs.Some sweet-pea plants have purple flowers and others have white flowers. A homozygous variety of sweet pea that has purple flowers is crossed with a homozygous variety that has white flowers. All the F1 have purple flowers. When these F1 self-fertilize, the F2 appear in a ratio of 916 purple to 716 white. a. Give genotypes for the purple and white flowers in these crosses. b. Draw a hypothetical biochemical pathway to explain the production of purple and white flowers in sweet peas