If a liver extract capable of carrying out normal metabolic reactions (including gluconeogenesis) is incubated with labeled pyruvate labeled with carbon-13 at the carbonyl carbon atom (shown in red below), where would the label be found in glucose? Explain, including schemes of the reactions to support your answer. 13 H3C coo®
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- If a liver extract capable of carrying out normal metabolic reactions (including gluconeogenesis) is incubated with labeled pyruvate labeled with oxygen-18 at the carboxylate oxygen atom shown, where would the label be found in glucose? Explain both in words and illustration. If any of the positions be partially labeled, indicate that clearly and explain.Draw the Fischer projection of glucose and show its catabolism until it releases carbon dioxide via complete oxidation. Use inter-related reactions or pathways, correct names and number of moles of intermediates involved, and the enzymes catalyzing the reactions. Account for all the 6 carbons of thr monosaccharide as they become carbon dioxide by encircling them all throughout the pathway you have written.Draw the Fischer projection of galactcose and show its catabolism until it releases carbon dioxide via complete oxidation. Use inter-related reactions or pathways, correct names and number of moles of intermediates involved, and the enzymes catalyzing the reactions. Account for all the 6 carbons of thr monosaccharide as they become carbon dioxide by encircling them all throughout the pathway you have writte
- threose-4 phosphate (a 4 carbon aldose) is fed into glycolysis after a decarboxylation reaction that uses an NAD+ to generate a 3 carbon aldose. How many ATP and NADH are generated by breaking down this molecule to pyruvate?If 14CO2 (radioactive carbon) were incorporated into the TCA cycle via the Pyruvate Carboxylase reaction which of the following molecules would contain radioactive carbon? a. Oxaloacetate b. Citric Acid c. Isocitrate d. Alpha-ketoglutarate e. Succinyl-CoA f .Succinate g. Fumarate h. MalateAssume that the 2nd carbon atom of pyruvate is labeled with C14 and then the labeledpyruvate is allowed to undergo metabolism in liver cells.a) Write down the metabolic reactions that allow the C14 carbon atom to be incorporatedinto glutamine.b) Please indicate which carbon atom in glutamine is labeled as C14.
- Can the carbons in ketones be metabolized and wind up in a glucose monosaccharide? If yes, using merely the information presented in class, outline a possible metabolic route for these carbons. If no, explain why not.Determine the number of carbon atoms present and the the total number of phosphate groups present in each of these following intermediates of glycolysis: a. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate b. 3-PhosphoglycerateArrange the following molecules in order of their biological energy content per mole: glucose, caproic acid (C10), sucrose (C12), myristic acid (C14) Write the structural equation for the transamination reaction that involves threonine and pyruvate as pair of reactants [provide the structure of the AA and pyruvate)
- What if the phosphate group for the glycolysis reaction with enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase was from ATP instead of Pi? What would the complete, balanced, net rxn of glycoslysisequation be and how does this impact the overall glycolysis rxn?If a liver extract capable of carrying out normal metabolic reactions (including gluconeogenesis) is incubated with labeled pyruvate labeled with carbon-13 at the carbonyl carbon atom (shown in red below), where would the label be found in glucose? Explain both in words and by using the pathway figure you have downloaded and printed to support your answer (or marked online).If you feel any of the positions will be partially labeled, indicate that clearly and explainHow many molecules of ATP are produced from the complete metabolism of 2.12g of triacylglycerol containing two stearic acid chains and one palmitic acid chain? Assume that all electrons of cytosolic NADH are transferred through the dihydroxyacetone phosphate/glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle