In a closed economy, the demand for the output consists of consumption (C), Investment (I), and government spending (G), i.e., D=C+I+G. The total income of all people in the economy is equal to GDP. At the same time, consumption depends on disposable income: C=Co+a*(GDP-T) where T is tax, 0
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- Equilibrium in the goods market requires that Aggregate Output equals Aggregate Expenditures. Given that Consumption = Disposable Income minus Private Savings, mathematically prove that equilibrium in the goods market requires Investment (I) to equal national savings (S) -- hence the IS curve.Assume that total expenditure E comprises the sum of government consumption, G, household consumption, C, and investment, I. Assume a closed macroeconomic system, so that income equals expenditure Y=E. If we define household saving, SH, as SH=Y-T-C, where the cunsumption function is a fixed proportion of disposable income, C=c(Y-T), which of the following will be true? a. Higher government spending alongside unchanged taxation will lead to higher investment and higher household saving b. Higher government spending alongside unchanged taxation will have no effect on household saving or investment c. Higher government spending alongside unchanged taxation will lead to higher household saving d. Higher government spending alongside unchanged taxation will lead to lower household savingAssume that total expenditure E comprises the sum of government consumption, G, household consumption, C, and investment, I. Assume a closed macroeconomic system, so that income equals expenditure Y=E. If we define household saving, SH, as SH=Y-T-C, where Y is national income and T is total taxation, which of the following will be true? a. SH=I+G b. SH=I-G-T c. SH=I+(G-T) d. SH=I
- Why is saving called a leakage? Why is planned investment called an injection? Why must saving equal planned investment at equilibrium GDP in the private closed economy? Are unplanned changes in inventories rising, falling, or constant at equilibrium GDP? Explain.Suppose a closed economy has an intended investment of 100 and an aggregate consumption function given by C = 250 + 0.75Yd. Suppose also that the government spends 150 but collects no taxes. What is equilibrium output and income?Assume potential GDP is 3,500 and actual GDP is 3,000. If the consumption function is C=100+0.5Yd , how much does government expenditure need to rise by to close the output gap? (Please input the round number without any Euro symbol)
- A simple closed economy with government sector is given by the following equations: C = 10 + 0.75 Y I = 20 G = 40 where C is aggregate consumption, Y is national income, G is government expenditure on goods and services, and I is investment expenditure. Note that there are no taxes assumed in parts (a) to (c). (a) What is the equilibrium level of national income? Show all your workings. (b) What is the value of aggregate consumption and the value of aggregate savings at the equilibrium level of the national income? Show all your workings. (c) What would be the new level of national income if government expenditure increased by 10? Show all your workings and explain the mechanisms through which the economy reaches a new equilibrium. (d) If a tax rate of 1/3 of national income were introduced, what would be the new equilibrium level of national income in the economy outlined above. Show all your workings and explain the mechanisms through which the economy reaches the new equilibrium.In a closed economy with no government, a £1 billion increase in investment leads to a £5 billion increase in consumption. What is the value of the marginal propensity to consume?Suppose a closed economy has an aggregate consumption function given by C = 100 + 0.75Yd and generates $3000 output and income in equilibrium. Suppose also that the government spends 300 and imposes a lump-sum tax of 50. What is the level of intended investment? (round your answer to the nearest whole value)
- The aggregate expenditure function in a simple macroeconomic model with a close economy and no government is the sum of a. Wished for consumption and wished for investment b. Saving as well as the intended investment c. Expenditure and disposable income d.Consider a closed economy in which total output equals $13,000. The economy also has the following information: Consumption totals $6500 Government spending totals $2500 Private savings totals $3800 Carefully following all numeric instructions, tell me this economy's net taxes (T). Carefully following all numeric instructions, tell me this economy's public savings. Carefully following all numeric instructions, tell me this economy's economic investment.The private consumption of Macroland is given by C=500+0.75Y and the private investment function is given by I=400−1000r, where r is the interest rate and Y is the GDP. The planned aggregate expenditure can therefore be written as PE=C+I=900+0.75Y−1000r. The equilibrium in the goods and services market happens when the planned expenditure is equal to the actual expenditure, or PE=Y Find the equilibrium GDP by solving the system of equations PE=900+0.75Y-1000r PE= Y for Y and PE. Note your solutions will depend on r! 1. Plot your solution for Y in a diagram measuring Y on the horizontal axis and r on the vertical axis. This curve is called the IS curve.