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- The absorption of triacylglycerols in the small intestineis an energy-requiring process that involves hydrolyticreactions to yield monoacylglycerol and fatty acids. Aftertheir transport into enterocytes, fatty acids and monoacylglycerol are reconverted into triacylglycerols. Suggest areason why triacylglycerols are not absorbed directlywithout the hydrolytic reactions.What are some examplesof mineral salts from the dietthat act as coenzymes?Describe the structuraldifferences betweenthe oxidized form andthe reduced form ofnicotinamide
- A cat named Lucullus is so spoiled that he willeat nothing but freshly opened canned tuna. Another cat, Griselda, isgiven only dry cat food by her far less indulgent owner. Canned tunais essentially all protein, whereas dry cat food can be considered 70%carbohydrate and 30% protein. Assuming that these animals haveno other sources of food, what can you say about the differences andsimilarities in their catabolic activities?The Metabolism of Carbohydrates primary function is to produce high energy moleculesthat are usable currency by cells, what is this currency? Where is it made?The term ____________________ refers to the sum total ofall the low-molecular-weight metabolite molecules producedby a cell.
- Understanding the Mechanisms of Reactions Related to Transketolase The mechanistic chemistry of the acetolactate synthase and phosphoketolase reactions (shown here) is similar to that of the transketolase reaction (Figure 22.30). Write suitable mechanisms for these reactions.Understanding an Antidote for Cyanide Poisoning Sodium nitrite (NaNO2) is used by emergency medical personnel as an antidote for cyanide poisoning (for this purpose. it must be administered immediately). Based on the discussion of cyanide poisoning in Section 20.4. Suggest a mechanism for the lifesaving effect of sodium nitrite.1A. Produceadiagramtoillustratethedifferenttypesofmoleculesfoundincells.Briefly describe their properties and functions within the cell. In a separate diagram, describe how carbohydrates, amino acids and triacylglycerides interact metabolically in the generation of energy in the form of ATP.B. Mineralsandvitaminsareimportantnutritionalmoleculesbecausetheyfunctionas cofactors for critical enzymes in living systems. Without them, important biochemical reactions required for growth and tissue repair will not occur. Knowing this, explain the biochemical significance of folate and iron supplementation in pregnant women and women of reproductive age. Consider the effects of folate and iron deficiency as well. 2A. Thevalueofenzymesinlivingsystemsisthatwithoutthem,chemicalreactionsrequired for life to exist would not be possible under physiological conditions. On the basis of this, discuss how enzymes make life possible from a biochemical perspective. Include the following terms in your…
- A drug that reduces blood cholesterolhas the effect of stimulating the production of bile salts. Howmight this result in lower blood cholesterol? Hint: There aretwo ways.What is the differencebetween macro andmicronutrients?Define the following terms:a. SAMb. SAHc. THFd. homocysteinee. one-carbon metabolism