In the Nernst equation [V = 62 log10 (Co/ Ci)], the term Ci represents: the extracellular concentration of potassium the extracellular concentration of sodium the membrane potential (in millivolts) the intracellular concentration of calcium the intracellular concentration of potassium
Q: Ionic gradients are a source of stored energy because.?
A: Gradient denotes the favorability of a compound to pass through a semi-permeable membrane. An ionic…
Q: The resting membrane potential of a cell is the consequence of which of the following concentrations…
A: Introduction - The voltage across a cell membrane during its resting state is called the resting…
Q: Under which condition the flip-flop (movement from the outer layer to the inner layer) of a membrane…
A: Flip flop movement or transverse diffusion is known as movement of a molecule across the membrane…
Q: If you made a hematocrit in two tubes. Tube A is made of 0.60M NaCl, and Tube B is made of 1.00M of…
A: Introduction Hematocrit is a measure of the size and amount of red blood cells in an individual. Red…
Q: What is the correct order of permeability for the following four substances across a pure…
A: The plasma membrane controls the passage of substances into and out of cells by being selectively…
Q: Glucose can be transported into cells with a glucose/sodium symporter. If the extracellular…
A: Secondary active transport occurs when endergonic ( uphill) transport of one solute is occupied with…
Q: In the experimental conditions described below, how many molecules of dextrose do you have to add to…
A: Osmosis is defined as the movement of solvent particles from a region of higher concentration to a…
Q: o get an idea of the different sizes of various cellular components, do the following calculations:…
A: Protein is a macronutrient that is essential to building muscle mass. It is found throughout the…
Q: Calculate the energy required for, or released in, a transport of 20 Na+ ions and of 100 molecules…
A: For a uncharged species, only its chemical potential gradient (i.e. concentration gradient) across…
Q: Which of the following ions must be kept to very low concentrations within the cell cytoplasm in…
A: Nucleic acids are the biological macromolecules that are the core part of the genome. Nucleic acids…
Q: e potato blocks used in this experiment are rich in starch molecules. Iodine potassium iodide (IKI)…
A: To find: What the width of the black of the potato cube represent in the context of diffusion. Is…
Q: Glucose can be transported into cells with a glucose/sodium symporter. If the extracellular…
A: Glucose is the major nutrient in the animals obtained after the digestion of carbohydrates. The…
Q: How many ATP molecules are required to pump 23 Ca-+ ions out of a cell when the cytoplasmic…
A: Given Values in the question: [Ca2+]out =587 μM[Ca2+]in = 193 nMMembrane potential (Em) = 100 mVT =…
Q: In the following situations, what is the free energy change if 1 mole of Na+is transported across a…
A: Free energy or Gibbs free energy G, is the energy available in a system to do useful work and is…
Q: Glucose (C6H12O6) exhibits which of the following membrane transport movements? it is able to cross…
A: According to guidelines we have to answer the first question only. so please kindly post the…
Q: Gap junctions and tunneling nanotubes are two distinct types of direct intracellular communication.…
A: Answer:- The right option to this question is 1. gap junctions provide a portal for small molecules,…
Q: If distilled water (no ions or salt) is added to red blood cells in the laboratory, the red blood…
A: If distilled water (no ions or salt) is added to red blood cells in the laboratory, the red blood…
Q: In the Nernst equation [V = 62 log10 (Co/ Ci)], the term Co represents: the intracellular…
A: Nernst equation can be defined as one that establishes a relationship between the reduction…
Q: Identify the movement of water in surrounding medium and intracellular environment, given these…
A: Tonicity is a measurement of the effective osmotic pressure gradient, which is the difference in…
Q: When rhodamine-dyed mouse proteins were first mixed with fluorescein-dyed human proteins (in…
A: The membrane is a two-dimensional fluid many of its proteins like its lipids can move freely within…
Q: Match the concept in column A to the concept in column B. Write the letter of the correct answer on…
A: *isotopes will have same atomic number but different atomic masses. *A+B_ AB is called synthesis…
Q: Select the correct statement regarding electrochemical gradients. Thermodynamically,…
A: Since you have asked multiple question, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…
Q: Suppose the concentration of glucose inside a cell is 0.1 mM and the cell is suspended in a glucose…
A: The movement of a molecule ion along or against a concentration gradient involves a change in free…
Q: What is the importance of acids and bases in our daily activities? State examples. What is the pH of…
A: Acids are the substances that donates H+ ions and have pH range between 1-6 Bases are those which…
Q: The Paramecium, is large enough to allow the insertion of a microelectrode, thus permitting the…
A: The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions such as K+, Na+, and Cl-. This selective…
Q: One thousand Ca2+ channels open in the plasma membrane of a cell that is 1000 μm3 in size and has a…
A: The passage of ions through the cell membrane takes place depending on the concentration of the ion…
Q: serotonin [uM] 0.025 0.08 0.25 0.7 2 6 transport rate A [dpm/min] 300.0 920.0 2500.0 5400.0 8800.0…
A: Serotonin is a chemical or neurotransmitter secreted by nerve cells to transmit signals between…
Q: which of the following do molecules use as transportation when they are too large to move through a…
A: The plasma membrane of the cell is the selectively permeable that regulates the transportation of…
Q: Suppose the major solutes in intact lysosomes are KCl (~0.1 M) and NaCl(~0.03 M). When isolating…
A: Lysosomes (membrane-bound organelles) differ in number per cell and appear to function slightly in…
Q: Is the movement of sodium through SGlut-1 during co-transport simple diffusion, facilitated…
A: Simple diffusion is a type of passive transport along the concentration gradient. Facilitated…
Q: Compare the plots of the transport rates for both conditions. What is most likely mechanism of…
A: Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that carries messages in the form of chemicals from one nerve cell…
Q: Use the Stokes-Einstein equation to estimate the diffusion coefficient in m²/s and in µm²/s for the…
A: The Stoke-Einstein equation is used for calculating the diffusion coefficient of spherical…
Q: yeasts are able to produce high internal concentrations of glycerol to counteract the osmotic…
A: 4% NaCl solution by weight. Density of solution = 1.02 g/ml, Molecular weight solute = 58.44…
Q: Describe how you would prepare 500mL Edward’s buffer when you have 1M Tris-CL (pH 7.5), 1M NaCl,…
A: Given that, 500 ml of Edward's buffer has to be prepared. The concentrations of the stock solutions…
Q: Identify the non-polar organic molecule which can pass freely through the plasma membrane. CH3CH2OH…
A: A molecule of the kind normally found in living systems is known as an organic molecule. Organic…
Q: Intestinal epithelial cells pump glucose into the cell against its concentration gradient using the…
A: Enthalpy and entropy are combined to form the Gibbs free energy. The combination of the system's…
Q: A cell with an internal concentration of 0.03 molar glucose is placed in a test tube containing 0.02…
A: Osmosis is the movement of solvent from higher water potential area (lower concentration area) to…
Q: f you start with 100 mM Na+ and 100 mM K+ outside the liposomes, and 100 mM Na+ and 100 mM K+ inside…
A: Introduction- Sodium potassium pump is a P-type plasma membrane pump in which with the help of ATP…
Q: . What would happen in each of the following cases? Assume in each case that the protein involved is…
A: Answer of the following questions given below...
Q: What is the correct order of permeability for the following four substances across a pure…
A: Plasma membrane is a semi-permeable membrane that allows only selective molecules to pass through…
Q: Which of the following ions must be kept to very low concentrations within the cell cytoplasm in…
A: Nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA are hereditary material as they store and transmit the genetic…
Q: When fluorescein-dyed human proteins were first mixed with rhodamine-dyed mouse proteins (in…
A: The membrane is a two-dimensional fluid many of its proteins like its lipids can move freely within…
Q: What would happen if the cell membrane was covalentlylinked rather than held together by relatively…
A: Introduction: The cell membrane is made of lipid molecules arranged in a bilayer with their…
Q: 4948: Which of the following statements best describes how substances are transported across a…
A: As per our guidelines we are supposed to answer only? 3 sub- parts ( if there are multiple sub-…
Q: With each reaction cycle, the Na,K-ATPase hydrolyzes 1ATP, and pumps O 3 K+ ions out, and 2 Na+ ions…
A: Active transport: It is a cellular transport pathway involving the movement of molecules (ions,…
Q: Which among the following statements is correct? Group of answer choices Both statements are…
A: Proteins are the linear heteropolymers of twenty standard amino acids attached together via peptide…
Q: Which way does the ion move and why? Na+ F=23100 cal/V*mol Vm = -60mV R =2cal/mol*K T = 300K…
A: A membrane made up of a lipid bilayer with proteins incorporated in it surrounds all animal cells.…
Q: ;, Consider a spherical cell at body temperature (37°C) that is 10 µm in radius. The concentration…
A: Disclaimer: According to guidelines, only the first question can be solved. Please repost the other…
Q: Which of the following presents the correct sequence of steps involved in the short-distance…
A: Introduction: Transport of molecules (solutes like protein electrolytes and water) across the plasma…
Q: When pharmacology researchers design drugs that must enter into cells in order to be effective, they…
A: Plasma membranes are a lipid bilayer which are composed of several phospholipids joined together in…
In the Nernst equation [V = 62 log10 (Co/ Ci)], the term Ci represents:
- the extracellular concentration of potassium
- the extracellular concentration of sodium
- the membrane potential (in millivolts)
- the intracellular concentration of calcium
- the intracellular concentration of potassium
Which of the following ions must be kept to very low concentrations within the cell cytoplasm in order to allow for enough substrate molecules to synthesize
- HCO3- (bicarbonate)
- Ca2+ (calcium)
- PO43- (phosphate)
- Na+ (sodium)
- K+ (potassium)
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- In the Nernst equation [V = 62 log10 (Co / Ci)], the term Co represents: cell bio the intracellular concentration of calcium the extracellular concentration of potassium the extracellular concentration of sodium the intracellular concentration of potassium the membrane potential (in millivolts)Calculate the energy required for, or released in, a transport of 20 Na+ ions and of 100 molecules of glucose into a biological cell at 37 oC if the membrane potential is –50 mV (negative inside the cell), the concentrations of Na+ and glucose inside the cell are 0.001mol L-1 and 0.01mol L-1 consequently and the concentrations of Na+ and glucose outside of the cell are 0.1mol L-1 and 0.001mol L-1 consequently.The diffusion constant for glucose in water is 0.70 ✕ 10−5 cm2/s. About how much time would it take to get significant diffusion across the following structures? Assume that glucose diffuses through cells and membranes as fast as it does through water. a)across a cell membrane 8 nm thick b)from the center of a eukaryotic cell 6µm in radius to the cell membrane c)across the wall of the human heart 2.5 cm in thickness d)from the cells in the center of the cactus to the photosynthetic cells on the surface of a barrel cactus if the cactus has a radius of 12 cm
- In the Nernst equation [V = 62 log10 (Co/ Ci)], the term Co represents: the intracellular concentration of potassium the intracellular concentration of chloride the membrane potential (in millivolts) the extracellular concentration of sodium the extracellular concentration of potassiumYou have a semi permeable membrane with a membrane potential of -90mV. You also have two ions that are both permeable to the membrane, Na and Cl. Na has a concentration of 10mM inside the membrane and 120mM outside the membrane. Cl has a concentration of 1.5mM inside the membrane and 77.5mM outside the membrane. Use the nernst equation to calculate the electrochemical equilibrium of both ions, and show in which direction the netflux would be for each ion.A cell with an internal concentration of 0.03 molar glucose is placed in a test tube containing 0.02 molar glucose solution. Assuming that glucose is not actively transported into the cell, describe the internal concentration of the cell relative to its environment?
- Calculate the energy cost (free-energy change) of pumping Ca2+ from thecytosol, where its concentration is about 1.0 × 10−7 M, to the extracellularfluid, where its concentration is about 1.0 mM. Assume a temperature of 37°C (body temperature in a mammal) and a standard transmembrane potentialof 50 mV (inside negative) for the plasma membrane.In the situations described below, what is the free energy change if 1 mole of Na+ is transported across a membrane from a region where the concentration is 48 μM to a region where it is 110 mM? (Assume T=37∘C.) In the absence of a membrane potential.In the Nernst equation [V = 62 log10 (Co/ Ci)], the term Co represents: the intracellular concentration of calcium the extracellular concentration of potassium the extracellular concentration of sodium the intracellular concentration of potassium the membrane potential (in millivolts)
- Suppose the major solutes in intact lysosomes are KCl (~0.1 M) and NaCl (~0.03 M). When isolating lysosomes, what concentration of sucrose is required in the extracting solution at room temperature (25oC) to prevent swelling and lysis? Calculate how much sucrose (342.3 g/mol) would you need to make 500 ml of this extracting solution.Uncharged molecules can passively pass through membranes more readily than charged molecules. Acetylsalicylic acid, better known as aspirin, has a single carboxylate group with a pKa of 3.5. Approximately what percentage of the molecule is charged in the stomach, and approximately what percentage is charged at normal blood pH at the surface of a blood vessel? Finally, per unit surface area, where would the rate of passive transfer across a membrane be highest? A.) 1%, >99%, stomach B.) >99%, 1%, stomach C.) 1%, >99%, blood vessel D.) 50%, 50%, blood vessel E.)>99%, 1%, blood vessel F.) 50%, 50%, stomachTo get an idea of the different sizes of various cellular components, do the following calculations: Assume that the cell, its nucleus, and a globular protein – for example, and enzyme – are spherical. In addition, assume the diameter of the protein is 5 nm (nanometers), the diameter of the cell is 100 μm (micrometers), and the diameter of the nucleus is 40 μm. You may have to review your metric conversions! If you draw the globular protein as a sphere with a diameter of 2 cm (approximately the diameter of a U.S. penny), what size would each of the following measurements of the cell be if drawn to the same scale (5 nm real length = 2 cm)? a. The radius of a microtubule, 15 nm b. The diameter of the nucleus c. The diameter of the cell d. The volume (V = 4/3 ∏r3) of the globular protein, in decimal form to the hundredths place. e. The volume of the nucleus f. The volume of the cell