In the experimental conditions described below, how many molecules of dextrose do you have to add to the extracellular fluid in order to make it iso-osmotic relative to the intracellular fluid? Pradice g7 Intracellular fluid: • Number of water molecules = 60 • Number of Dextrose molecules = 8 • Number of Sucrose molecules = 2 Extracellular fluid: • Number of water molecules = 160 • Number of dextrose molecule = ???? • Number of Sucrose molecules = 0 Enter the number of molecules of dextrose
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- In the Nernst equation [V = 62 log10 (Co/ Ci)], the term Ci represents: the extracellular concentration of potassium the extracellular concentration of sodium the membrane potential (in millivolts) the intracellular concentration of calcium the intracellular concentration of potassium Which of the following ions must be kept to very low concentrations within the cell cytoplasm in order to allow for enough substrate molecules to synthesize nucleotides and nucleic acids? HCO3- (bicarbonate) Ca2+ (calcium) PO43- (phosphate) Na+ (sodium) K+ (potassium)yeasts are able to produce high internal concentrations of glycerol to counteract the osmotic pressure of the surrounding media. suppose that a sample of yeast cells were placed in a 4% sodium chloride solution by weight. The density of solution is at 25 C = 1.02 g/ml, Molecular weight of solute = 58.44 g/mol, i of glycerol = 1 and R=0.08205 L-atm/mol-K What is the weight of solute in grams What is the moles of solute What is the volume of the solution in liters What is the molarity of the solution What is the value of the temperature to be used to solved for the osmotic pressure of the solution What is the osmotic pressure of solutionDuring an investigation on membrane transport, a researcher exposed bacterial cells to different concentrations of two different solutes: A and B. The rate of transport of each solute into cells isrepresented in the graphSolute ASolute BSolute ConcentrationWhich of the following best explains the greater rate of transport for solute A than for solute B at higher solute concentrations?A Solute A is being transported by simple diffusion, which does not rely on membrane proteins to control the rate of transportSolute A is being transported by active transport, which uses ATP and has higher rates of transport than passive transportSolute A is being transported by facilitated diffusion, which uses membrane proteins to increase the rate of transportRate of Transport
- Identify the movement of water in surrounding medium and intracellular environment, given these hypothetical conditions. a. surrounding medium (7% salt, 93 % water) b. intracellular environment - RBC (25% salt, 75% water) 2. a. surrounding medium (35% salt, 65% water) b. intracellular concentration - RBC ( 2% salt, 98% water)Information: Osmotic pressure is the pressure that a solvent exerts against a semipermeable membrane, such as a cell membrane. The higher the solute concentration, the lower the osmotic pressure. Red blood cells have an osmotic pressure equal to that of a 0.90% (m/v) solution of sodium chloride and 5.0% (m/v) solution of dextrose. A solution that has a higher concentration that this is called hypertonic; one with a lower concentration is called hypotonic. Osmotic pressure is an important factor affecting cells. Osmoregulation is the homeostasis mechanism of an organism to reach balance in osmotic pressure.Hypertonicity is the presence of a solution that causes cells to shrink.Hypotonicity is the presence of a solution that causes cells to swell.Isotonicity is the presence of a solution that produces no change in cell volume.When a biological cell is in a hypotonic environment, the cell interior accumulates water, water flows across the cell membrane into the cell, causing it to…Please order the following types of solute diffusivity from largest to smallest. 1. D pore: Diffusivity of solute in a pore 2.De: Effective diffusivity of solute through a heterogeneous membrane material 3. D AB: Diffusivity of solute in water 4. D mi Diffusivity of solute through a membrane pore relative to the bulk concentration
- In the Nernst equation [V = 62 log10 (Co / Ci)], the term Co represents: cell bio the intracellular concentration of calcium the extracellular concentration of potassium the extracellular concentration of sodium the intracellular concentration of potassium the membrane potential (in millivolts)Water molecules tend to diffuse in response to their own concentration gradient. How can water be more or less concentrated?In the Nernst equation [V = 62 log10 (Co/ Ci)], the term Co represents: the intracellular concentration of potassium the intracellular concentration of chloride the membrane potential (in millivolts) the extracellular concentration of sodium the extracellular concentration of potassium
- Osmosis is often defined as the flow of water through a semipermeable membrane, from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution. Video experiment #1 – saturated sucrose/dialysis tubing/water osmosis from U Mich. https://youtu.be/pCupvFGN4bw A saturated solution of sucrose-containing a red dye is separated from water by dialysis material. What happens to the volume of sucrose solution during the experiment? How do you know that the sucrose solution did not flow into the beaker of water? (Give evidence from your observation of the experiment.) Diffusion, Osmosis, Dialysis video: https://youtu.be/tHzkRtzVmUMDialysis, the flow of both solvent and small molecules or ions through a dialyzing membrane, is important clinically in the operation of the artificial kidney machine.Based on a hypothesis of the osmolarity of potato tissue, what results might be predicted from this experiment?Why is it important to use different solutes ( NaCl and glucose environment) when comparing water potential and mass of cells?