Is James' plan ethical?
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Company A sells networking equipment to large corporations and federal, state, and local governments. Corporate sales are the result of a competitive bidding process, where Company A competes against other companies based on selling price. Sales to the government, however, are determined on a cost plus basis, where the selling price is determined by adding a fixed markup percentage to the total
James Lopez is the cost accountant for the Electronics Division of Company A. The division is under pressure from senior management to improve income from operations. As James reviewed the division's job cost sheets, he realized that he could increase the division's income from operations by moving a portion of the direct labor hours that had been assigned to the job order cost sheets of corporate customers onto the job order costs sheets of government customers. He believed that this would create a “win–win” for the division by (1) reducing the cost of corporate jobs, and (2) increasing the cost of government jobs whose profit is based on a percentage of job cost. James submitted this idea to his division manager, who was impressed by his creative solution for improving the division's profitability.
Answer the question below using 150 words or more. After this, make sure to reply to one of your peer's responses using 100 words or more.
- Is James' plan ethical?
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- The Tinkan Company produces one-pound cans for the Canadian salmon industry. Each year the salmon spawn during a 24-hour period and must be canned immediately. Tinkan has the following agreement with the salmon industry. The company can deliver as many cans as it chooses. Then the salmon are caught. For each can by which Tinkan falls short of the salmon industrys needs, the company pays the industry a 2 penalty. Cans cost Tinkan 1 to produce and are sold by Tinkan for 2 per can. If any cans are left over, they are returned to Tinkan and the company reimburses the industry 2 for each extra can. These extra cans are put in storage for next year. Each year a can is held in storage, a carrying cost equal to 20% of the cans production cost is incurred. It is well known that the number of salmon harvested during a year is strongly related to the number of salmon harvested the previous year. In fact, using past data, Tinkan estimates that the harvest size in year t, Ht (measured in the number of cans required), is related to the harvest size in the previous year, Ht1, by the equation Ht = Ht1et where et is normally distributed with mean 1.02 and standard deviation 0.10. Tinkan plans to use the following production strategy. For some value of x, it produces enough cans at the beginning of year t to bring its inventory up to x+Ht, where Ht is the predicted harvest size in year t. Then it delivers these cans to the salmon industry. For example, if it uses x = 100,000, the predicted harvest size is 500,000 cans, and 80,000 cans are already in inventory, then Tinkan produces and delivers 520,000 cans. Given that the harvest size for the previous year was 550,000 cans, use simulation to help Tinkan develop a production strategy that maximizes its expected profit over the next 20 years. Assume that the company begins year 1 with an initial inventory of 300,000 cans.Assume the demand for a companys drug Wozac during the current year is 50,000, and assume demand will grow at 5% a year. If the company builds a plant that can produce x units of Wozac per year, it will cost 16x. Each unit of Wozac is sold for 3. Each unit of Wozac produced incurs a variable production cost of 0.20. It costs 0.40 per year to operate a unit of capacity. Determine how large a Wozac plant the company should build to maximize its expected profit over the next 10 years.Lemingtons is trying to determine how many Jean Hudson dresses to order for the spring season. Demand for the dresses is assumed to follow a normal distribution with mean 400 and standard deviation 100. The contract between Jean Hudson and Lemingtons works as follows. At the beginning of the season, Lemingtons reserves x units of capacity. Lemingtons must take delivery for at least 0.8x dresses and can, if desired, take delivery on up to x dresses. Each dress sells for 160 and Hudson charges 50 per dress. If Lemingtons does not take delivery on all x dresses, it owes Hudson a 5 penalty for each unit of reserved capacity that is unused. For example, if Lemingtons orders 450 dresses and demand is for 400 dresses, Lemingtons will receive 400 dresses and owe Jean 400(50) + 50(5). How many units of capacity should Lemingtons reserve to maximize its expected profit?
- It costs a pharmaceutical company 75,000 to produce a 1000-pound batch of a drug. The average yield from a batch is unknown but the best case is 90% yield (that is, 900 pounds of good drug will be produced), the most likely case is 85% yield, and the worst case is 70% yield. The annual demand for the drug is unknown, with the best case being 20,000 pounds, the most likely case 17,500 pounds, and the worst case 10,000 pounds. The drug sells for 125 per pound and leftover amounts of the drug can be sold for 30 per pound. To maximize annual expected profit, how many batches of the drug should the company produce? You can assume that it will produce the batches only once, before demand for the drug is known.Jasmine owns 12 apartment buildings in a college town, which it rents exclusively to students. Each apartment building contains 120 rental units, but the owner is having cash flow problems due to an average vacancy rate of nearly 50 percent. The apartments in each building have comparable floor plans, but some buildings are closer to campus than others. Jasmine’s accumulated data from last year on the number of apartments rented, the rental price (in dollars), and the amount spent on advertising (in hundreds of dollars) at each of the 12 apartments are available below. These data, along with the distance (in miles) from each apartment building to campus, are presented below. Jasmine is looking for expert advice on the available data to inform administrative and business policy. By applying this scenario, help her regress the quantity demanded of her apartments on price, advertising, and distance datasets by using Excel or SPSS. Observation or (Number of Apartments) Quantity…Frober Co's institutional investors are becoming increasingly impatient for growth at the company. The directors have identified a significant opportunity in a new market but Frober doesn't currently have the capabilities to exploit that opportunity. The nature of Frober's work means that its processes require a number of high technology processes, and the directors have agreed that Frober must retain full control over its operations in any markets it moves into. In this context, which of the following is the MOST appropriate basis of growth for Frober Co?
- Mr Eben Annan a computer scientist used to live in Durban, South Africa but he is now settled in Kumasi Ghana. The following information is contained in his tax returns relating to 2013 year of assessment. Mr Annan is married and has four children who, are attending recognized-schools in Accra and Kumasi. He remits GHS 100 per month to his aged father and mother who live in the village. Income earned in Ghana: Business income GHS20,000 Director fee (net) GHSl,500 Bank Interest GHS3,000 Mr Eben Annan bought some shares in a mining company in South Africa when he was working there. During the 2013 year of assessment, he earned gross dividend amounting GHS6,000 from South Africa. Tax deducted from this income was GHS900 and he received the net amount in Ghana in 2013. There exists a double taxation agreement between Ghana and South Africa. You are required to determine: foreign tax credit relief to be granted to Mr Eben Annan. AN(9) His net tax liability for 2013 year of assessment.…In the following scenarios, you will be given a product and an event. Determine If there will be an increase OR decrease in either the supply OR demand, what happens to the price of the product, and what happens to the quantity bought and sold. The first two are answered for you as examples. EXAMPLE! 1 New oil fields are discovered by new companies in Canada EX 1 ANSWER Supply increases, price decreases, quantities increase EXAMPLE! 2 Penguin merchandise. The Penguins play well and contend for a playoff spot. EX 2 ANSWER Demand increases, price increases, quantities decrease 1. Beef. The price of chicken suddenly drops. 2. Newly constructed houses. The price of lumber doubles. 3. The government places a 30% excise tax on alcohol. 4. Peanut butter cookies. The price of chocolate chip cookies increases. 5. Pepsi.…In the following scenarios, you will be given a product and an event. Determine If there will be an increase OR decrease in either the supply OR demand, what happens to the price of the product, and what happens to the quantity bought and sold. The first two are answered for you as examples. EXAMPLE 1. Oil. New oil fields are discovered by new companies in Canada EX 1 ANSWER Supply increases, price decreases, quantities increase EXAMPLE 2 Penguin merchandise. The Penguins play well and contend for a playoff spot. EX 2 ANSWER Demand increases, price increases, quantities decrease 1. Yankees tickets. The Yankees built a new stadium that has 10,000 fewer seats. 2. Spam (Inferior good) . People’s incomes increase. 3. Foreign cars. The government places an excise tax on all foreign cars produced in the U.S. 4. Jelly.…
- Klein Chemicals, Inc., produces a special oil-based material that is currently in short supply. Four of Klein's customers have already placed orders that together exceed the combined capacity of Klein's two plants. Klein's management faces the problem of deciding how many units it should supply to each customer. Because the four customers are in different industries, different prices can be charged because of the various industry pricing structures. However, slightly different production costs at the two plants and varying transportation costs between the plants and customers make a "sell to the highest bidder" strategy unacceptable. After considering price, production costs, and transportation costs, Klein established the following profit per unit for each plant-customer alternative. Plant Customer D1 1 D2 2 D3 3 D4 4 Clifton Springs 1 $32 $34 $32 $40 Danville 2 $34 $30 $28 $38 The plant capacities and customer orders are as follows. Plant Capacity…Klein Chemicals, Inc., produces a special oil-based material that is currently in short supply. Four of Klein's customers have already placed orders that together exceed the combined capacity of Klein's two plants. Klein's management faces the problem of deciding how many units it should supply to each customer. Because the four customers are in different industries, different prices can be charged because of the various industry pricing structures. However, slightly different production costs at the two plants and varying transportation costs between the plants and customers make a "sell to the highest bidder" strategy unacceptable. After considering price, production costs, and transportation costs, Klein established the following profit per unit for each plant-customer alternative. Plant Customer D1 1 D2 2 D3 3 D4 4 Clifton Springs 1 $32 $34 $32 $40 Danville 2 $34 $30 $28 $38 The plant capacities and customer orders are as follows. Plant Capacity…Klein Chemicals, Inc’, produces a special oil-based material that is currently in short supply. Four of Klein’s customers have already placed orders that together exceed the combined capacity of Klein’s two plants. Klein’s management faces the problem of deciding how many units it should supply to each customer. Because the four customers are in different industries, different prices can be charged because of the various industry pricing structures. However, slightly different production costs at the two plants and varying transportation costs between the plants and customers make a “sell to the highest bidder” strategy unacceptable. After considering price, production costs, Klein established the following profit per unit for each plant-customer alternative: Customer Plant D1 D2 D3 D4 Clifton Springs $32 $34 $32 $40 Danville $34…