Lactase is an enzyme in the small intestine that helps break down the sugar lactose, found in milk. As lactose approaches the active site of lactase, as shown in the image, which of the following occurs first? The lactose molecule is broken into glucose and galactose. Lactase shifts to its lowest free energy level to allow lactose to enter the active site. Lactose creates a microenvironment as it approaches lactase to promote binding. Temporary bonding occurs between the active site and the substrate, causing a conformational change.

Lactase is an enzyme in the small intestine that helps break down the sugar lactose, found in milk. As lactose approaches the active site of lactase, as shown in the image, which of the following occurs first? The lactose molecule is broken into glucose and galactose. Lactase shifts to its lowest free energy level to allow lactose to enter the active site. Lactose creates a microenvironment as it approaches lactase to promote binding. Temporary bonding occurs between the active site and the substrate, causing a conformational change.

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter9: Gene Expression And Gene Regulation

Section9.6: Translation Requires The Interaction Of Several Components

Problem 2EG: Antibiotics and Protein Synthesis Antibiotics are molecules produced by microorganisms as defense...

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Which of the following statements are true regarding the metabolome, the proteome, the genome, and the transcriptome? The number of genes found in the genome equals the number of different proteins that can be made within any give cell. The number of transcription products equals the number of proteins that can be made from these transcription products. The number of genes found in the genome equals the number of different transcription products that can be made within any given cell. The metabolome is encoded by the genome. None of the above.
Pol II is active when its tail is phosphorylated. Which of the following amino acids is present in the tail that gets phosphorylated? a. Tryptophan b. Cysteine c. Serine d. Tyrosine
Antibiotics and Protein Synthesis Antibiotics are molecules produced by microorganisms as defense mechanisms. The most effective antibiotics work by interfering with essential biochemical or reproductive processes. Many antibiotics block or disrupt one or more stages in protein synthesis. Some of these are mentioned here. Tetracyclines are a family of chemically related compounds used to treat several types of bacterial infections. Tetracyclines interfere with the initiation of translation. The tetracycline molecule attaches to the small ribosomal subunit and prevents binding of the tRNA anticodon during initiation. Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomes are sensitive to the action of tetracycline, but this antibiotic cannot pass through the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. Because tetracycline can enter bacterial cells to inhibit protein synthesis, it will stop bacterial growth, helping the immune system fight the infection. Streptomycin is used in hospitals to treat serious bacterial infections. It binds to the small ribosomal subunit but does not prevent initiation or elongation; however, it does affect the efficiency of protein synthesis. Binding of streptomycin changes the way mRNA codons interact with the tRNA. As a result, incorrect amino acids are incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain, producing nonfunctional proteins. In addition, streptomycin causes the ribosome to randomly fall off the mRNA, preventing the synthesis of complete proteins. Puromycin is not used clinically but has played an important role in studying the mechanism of protein synthesis in the research laboratory. The puromycin molecule is the same size and shape as a tRNA/amino acid complex. When puromycin enters the ribosome, it can be incorporated into a growing polypeptide chain, stopping further synthesis because no peptide bond can be formed between puromycin and an amino acid, causing the shortened polypeptide to fall off the ribosome. Chloramphenicol was one of the first broadspectrum antibiotics introduced. Eukaryotic cells are resistant to its actions, and it was widely used to treat bacterial infections. However, its use is limited to external applications and serious infections. Chloramphenicol destroys cells in the bone marrow, the source of all blood cells. In bacteria, this antibiotic binds to the large ribosomal subunit and inhibits the formation of peptide bonds. Another antibiotic, erythromycin, also binds to the large ribosomal subunit and inhibits the movement of ribosomes along the mRNA. Almost every step of protein synthesis can be inhibited by one antibiotic or another. Work on designing new synthetic antibiotics to fight infections is based on our knowledge of how the nucleotide sequence of mRNA is converted into the amino acid sequence of a protein. Questions Why is targeting protein synthesis an effective strategy for preventing infection?
The following are major players in the life cycle of the protein. Arrange the terms in order of their role in the cycle. PROTEASOME, UBIQUITIN, CHAPERONE, PEST, RIBOSOME.
For a bacterial exotoxin with a typical A-B type toxin structure, removal of the A portion of the toxin would result in which of the following? The B portion remaining would still be able to bind to the target cell, but would not have toxic effects The remaining B portion would enter the cell and carry out its toxic activity, such as ADP-ribosylation The remaining B portion would cause inhibition of protein synthesis Nothing would happen because the A portion is responsible for binding to the target cell. The remaining B portion would still induce cell lysis Please answer asap and in short and content should not be palgarised please
In E. coli, a protein called Lac permease (encoded by lacY) imports lactose into cells so that a protein called beta-galactosidase (encoded by lacZ) can digest it into galactose and glucose. What are some similarities and differences between how you and E. coli import and metabolize lactose?
What results in the alteration of amino acid sequences during polypeptide formation in protein synthesis? A defective polypeptide may arise because of a change in its amino acid sequence Despite the change in amino acid sequence, the polypeptide formed will always be functional and will never cause a disease. The cell will have no other choice but to revert the faulty polypeptide into amino acids to undo its work. The nucleus, by means of its powerful enzymes, will eventually destroy the damaged protein so that it will not wreak havoc in the cell.
Which of the following are common ways to regulate a protein? Group of answer options none of the options here binding of its substrate increased transcription of the gene encoding the protein The protein is exported out of the cell phosphorylation increased or decreased activity of the proteasome
If lactose is present in a cell with the following genotype, will functional Beta – galactosidase and/or permease be made? LacIs, LacP+, LacOc, LacZ+, LacY- / LacI+, LacP+, LacO+, LacZ-, LacY+ Group of answer choices Both genes will make functional protein. Only Beta – galactosidase will be functional. Only permease will be functional. No functional proteins will be made.
Occurring in the nucleus ribosome mitochondrion , translation transcription is the process of making an RNA copy from a DNA template. The molecule then enters the cytoplasm. The process in which the mRNA sequence is converted into a sequence of amino acids is called translation transcription . In the cytoplasm, the nucleus ribosome mitochondrion reads the amino acid sequence and assembles the protein.
Four stages in the production of protein molecules in a cell are listed below. 1 - Transfer RNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome. 2 - DNA molecules serve as templates for messenger RNA molecules. 3 - Messenger RNA molecules move to ribosomes. 4 - A chain of amino acids forms on the ribosome. Which sequence best represents the correct order of these stages? 2-1-3-4 2-3-1-4 3-2-1-4 4-2-1-3
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