Name differences between replication and transcription.
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A:
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- 4a in context to taking genomic DNA from eukaryotic cells and randomly shearing it into pieces of a constant size, why do some of the genomic DNA fragments re-nature so much more quickly than other fragmentsNumber of Okazaki Fragments in E. coli and Human DNA Replication Approximately how many Okazaki fragments are synthesized in the course of replicating an E. coli chromosome? How many in replicating an “average� human chromosome?DNA polymerase III and DNA polymerase I are used in DNA replication in E. coli. What are their roles?
- Multiple Replication Forks in E. coli II On the basis of Figure 28.2, draw a simple diagram illustrating replication of the circular E. coli chromosome (a) at an early stage, (b) when one-third completed, (c) when two-thirds completed, and (d) when almost finished, assuming the initiation of replication at oriC has occurred only once. Then, draw a diagram showing the E. coli chromosome in problem 3 where the E. coli cell is dividing every 20 minutes.If mRNA is complementary to the DNA template strand and the DNA template strand is complementary to the DNA nontemplate strand, then why are base sequences of mRNA and the DNA nontemplate strand not identical? Could they ever be?Comparing the Mechanisms of Action of EF-Tu/EF-Ts and DnaK/ GrpE (Integrates with Chapter 30.) In what ways are the mechanisms of action of EF-Tu/EF-Ts and Dna K/GrpE similar? What mechanist ic functions do the ribosome A-site and DnaJ have in common?
- In your own words, describe the difference between rho-dependent and rho-independent termination of transcription in prokaryotes.Contrast transcription and translation. Name at least three differences between the two processes.Helicase Unwinding of the E. coli Chromosome Hexameric helicases, such as DnaB, the MCM proteins, and papilloma virus El helicase (illustrated in Figures 16.22 to 16.25), unwind DNA by passing one strand of the DNA duplex through the central pore, using a mechanism based on ATP-dependent binding interactions with the bases of that strand. The genome of E. coli K12 consists of 4,686,137 nucleotides. Assuming that DnaB functions like papilloma virus El helicase, from the information given in Chapter 16 on ATP-coupled DNA unwinding, calculate how many molecules of ATP would be needed to completely unwind the E. coli K 12 chromosome.
- Multiple Replication Forks in E. coli I Assuming DNA replication proceeds at a rate of 750 base pairs per second, calculate how long it will take to replicate the entire E. coli genome. Under optimal conditions, E. coli cells divide every 20 minutes. What is the minimal number of replication forks per E. coli chromosome in order to sustain such a rate of cell division?A normal mRNA that reads 5’ - UGCCAUGGUAAUAACACAUGAGGCCUGAAC- 3’ has an insertion mutation that changes the sequence to 5' -UGCCAUGGUUAAUAACACAUGAGGCCUGAAC- 3’. Translate the original mRNA and the mutated mRNA, and explain how insertion mutations can have dramatic effects on proteins. (Hint: Be sure to find the initiation site.)The initial mechanism for repairing nucleotide errors in DNA is. mismatch repair DNA polymerase proofreading nucleotide excision repair thymine dimers
