Until 2002, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), estrogen and/or progesterone, was commonlyprescribed to post-menopausal women. This changed in 2002, when the results of a largeclinical trial were published 8506 women were randomized to take HRT, 8102 were randomizedto placebo. 166 HRT and 124 placebo women developed invasive breast cancer. Does HRTincrease risk of breast cancer? Hint: Use randomization distribution to answer the question.

Answered: Image /qna-images/answer/9f9af52a-e067-4ec4-a15a-2706eb55feb4.jpg

Answered: ne replacer therapy prescribed to…

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

6th Edition

ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

Chapter1: Starting With Matlab

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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The Paleo diet allows only for foods that humans typically consumed over the last 2.5 million years, excluding those agriculture-type foods that arose during the last 10,000 years or so. Researchers randomly divided 500 volunteers into two equal-sized groups. One group spent 6 months on the Paleo diet. The other group received a pamphlet about controlling portion sizes. A randomized treatment assignment was performed, and at the beginning of the study, the average difference in weights between the two groups was about 0 pounds. After the study, the Paleo group had lost an average of 7.1 pounds with a standard deviation of 22.75 pounds while the control group had lost an average of 4.5 pounds with a standard deviation of 11.5 pounds. After failing to reject the null hypothesis support your answer with a p-value (a) P-value = _______
The Paleo diet allows only for foods that humans typically consumed over the last 2.5 million years, excluding those agriculture-type foods that arose during the last 10,000 years or so. Researchers randomly divided 500 volunteers into two equal-sized groups. One group spent 6 months on the Paleo diet. The other group received a pamphlet about controlling portion sizes. Randomized treatment assignment was performed, and at the beginning of the study, the average difference in weights between the two groups was about 0 pounds. After the study, the Paleo group had lost an average of 7.6 pounds with a standard deviation of 20.75 pounds while the control group had lost an average of 5.8 pounds with a standard deviation of 12.5 pounds. What is the P value?
In a planned clinical trial, patients will be randomized to receive either medical treatment or surgery. However, it is anticipated that, among those randomized to the medical arm, 10% may require emergency surgery at some time while on study, and 5% of patients randomized to surgery may not actually receive surgery for various reasons. You plan to analyze the data using the intent-to-treat paradigm. Using the approach described in Freidman et al., to account for drop-outs and drop-ins, how much should the planned sample size be increased to account for drop-outs and drop-ins?
A researcher studied iron-deficiency anemia in women in each of two developing countries. Differences in the dietary habits between the two countries led the researcher to believe that anemia is less prevalent among women in the first country than among women in the second country. A random sample of 2400 women from the first country yielded 698 women with anemia, and an independently chosen, random sample of 1700 women from the second country yielded 544 women with anemia.Based on the study can we conclude, at the 0.10 level of significance, that the proportion p1 of women with anemia in the first country is less than the proportion p2 of women with anemia in the second country?Perform a one-tailed test. Then complete the parts below.Carry your intermediate computations to three or more decimal places and round your answers as specified in the parts below. (If necessary, consult a list of formulas.) A. Find the value of the test statistic and round to 3 or more decimal places. (I have…
A 30-year study was conducted with nearly 90,000 female participants.8 During a 5-year screening period, each woman was randomized to one of two groups: in the first group, women received regular mammograms to screen for breast cancer, and in the second group, women received regular non-mammogram breast cancer exams. No intervention was made during the following 25 years of the study, and we’ll consider death resulting from breast cancer over the full 30-year period. Results from the study are summarized in the table. If mammograms are much more effective than non-mammogram breast cancer exams, then we would expect to see additional deaths from breast cancer in the control group. On the other hand, if mammograms are not as effective as regular breast cancer exams, we would expect to see an increase in breast cancer deaths in the mammogram group. yes no mammogram 500 44,425 control 505 44,405 a.)Is this study an experiment or an observational study? b) Set up hypotheses to…
Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted thirty years ago revealed that out of 378 randomly selected adults in the United States 57 were considered to be obese. In this year’s National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, out of 426randomly selected adults in the United States 135 were considered to be obese. Based on these results, can one conclude, at the 0.01 level of significance, that the percentage of adults in the United States that are obese is considerably higher now than it was thirty years ago?
A student-researcher claims that the difference between the proportion of male athletes and that of female athletes in a certain university who live in Makati is far from 7.25%. 285 male athletes have been selected at random, and 113 of them reside in Makati. On the other hand, 171 female athletes have been chosen as samples, and 67 of them are from Makati as well. At alpha = 0.01, is there sufficient evidence to support the student-researcher’s claim? (Critical value approach)
A recent study 41 compared 298 children with autism spectrum disorder to 1507 randomly selected control children without the disorder. Of the children with autism 20 of the mothers and used antidepressants drugs during the year before pregnancy or the first trimester of pregnancy. Of the control children, 50 of the mothers had used the drugs.a. is there a significant association between prenatal exposure to antidepressants medicine and the risk of autism?. Test whether tge results are significant at the 5%level. b.can we conclude that prenatal exposure antidepressants medicine increases the risk of autism in the child? why or why not? c. the article describing the study contains the sentence " No increase in risk was found for mothers with a history of mental health treatment in the absence of prenatal Exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [antidepressants]. why did the researchers conduct this extra analysis
A randomized controlled trial was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a new drug treatment on 500 patients with high blood pressure. The study randomly divided the patients into the drug treatment and placebo control groups and compared the average blood pressure after 2 months of treatment between the two groups. When the researchers looked at the results, they realized there was a potential problem. Although the new drug appeared to significantly lower the blood pressure compared to the control group, they also noticed that the average blood pressure of patients in the placebo control group prior to the study was significantly lower than patients in the treatment group prior to the study. If this is true, what impact could it have on the conclusions the researchers could draw? a. It wouldn't have an impact on the study result, because the study is already flawed as the patients are not representative of the whole population. b. It could bias the study results, making the…
Each year, more than 2 million people in the United States become infected with bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics. In particular, the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention have launched studies of drug-resistant gonorrhea.† Suppose that, of 189 cases tested in a certain state, 12 were found to be drug-resistant. Suppose also that, of 429 cases tested in another state, 8 were found to be drug-resistant. Do these data suggest a statistically significant difference between the proportions of drug-resistant cases in the two states? Use a 0.02 level of significance. (Let p1 = the population proportion of drug-resistant cases in the first state, and let p2 = the population proportion of drug resistant cases in the second state.) State the null and alternative hypotheses. (Enter != for ≠ as needed.) H0: ______ Ha: ______ Find the value of the test statistic. (Round your answer to two decimal places.) = What is the p-value? (Round your answer to four decimal places.) p-value =…
A researcher claims that the difference between the proportion of male athletes and that of female athletes in a certain university who live in osaka is far from 7.25%. 285 male athletes have been selected at random, and 113 of them reside in osaka. On the other hand, 171 female athletes have been chosen as samples, and 67 of them are from osaka as well. At alpha = 0.01, is there sufficient evidence to support the student-researcher’s claim? (use Critical value approach)
Each year, more than 2 million people in the United States become infected with bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics. In particular, the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention have launched studies of drug-resistant gonorrhea.† Suppose that, of 221 cases tested in a certain state, 14 were found to be drug-resistant. Suppose also that, of 322 cases tested in another state, 6 were found to be drug-resistant. Do these data suggest a statistically significant difference between the proportions of drug-resistant cases in the two states? Use a 0.02 level of significance. (Let p1 = the population proportion of drug-resistant cases in the first state, and let p2 = the population proportion of drug resistant cases in the second state.) 1) State the null and alternative hypotheses. (Enter != for ≠ as needed.) 2) What is the test statistic & P-value? 3) what is the conclusion? A) Reject H0. There is a significant difference in drug resistance between the two states. B) Reject H0.…

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