novel pathway. Superfamily Give the superfamily to which the receptor belongs Accession Give the Uniprot accession number Name Give the molecule name Species Give the species Ligand What is the ligand, or class of ligands which bind to this receptor? What are the physiological processes involved? Is this autocrine, paracrine or endocrine or some combination of them? What is the pathology of the receptor? Key physiological process involved Mechanism of What are the downstream actions of the receptor? Which molecules does it interact with, how, and to what effect? How rapidly doe the effects appear? action

novel pathway. Superfamily Give the superfamily to which the receptor belongs Accession Give the Uniprot accession number Name Give the molecule name Species Give the species Ligand What is the ligand, or class of ligands which bind to this receptor? What are the physiological processes involved? Is this autocrine, paracrine or endocrine or some combination of them? What is the pathology of the receptor? Key physiological process involved Mechanism of What are the downstream actions of the receptor? Which molecules does it interact with, how, and to what effect? How rapidly doe the effects appear? action

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter6: Cell Communication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1TYU: During signal transduction (a) the cell converts an extracellular signal into an intracellular...

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Visit this link (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/hormonebind) to watch an animation of the events that occur when a hormone binds to a cell membrane receptor. What is the secondary messenger made by adenylyl cyclase during the activation of liver cells by epinephrine?
During signal transduction (a) the cell converts an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal that leads to a change in some cell process (b) a signaling molecule directly activates or represses several genes (c) each enzyme catalyzes production of one molecule of product (d) enzymes in the signal cascade remain active until the last component of the pathway alters a cellular process (e) the signal is terminated by cyclic AMP
All cells of a multicellular organism may not respond in the same wayto a particular ligand (signaling molecule) that binds to a cell surfacereceptor. The difference in response may be due toa. the type of receptor for the ligand that the cell expresses.b the affinity of the ligand for the receptor in a given cell type.c. the type of signal transduction pathways that the cell expresses.d. the type of target proteins that the cell expresses.e. all of the above.
Create a diagram which illustrates the typical signaling mechanism of action of g protein coupled land possible routes of communication (autocrine etc.). Should show the specific molecules involved, the mechanisms of signal transduction and indicate the different pathways that are activated. It should include a specific example of a receptor, ligand and signalling pathway for each general class. Include as wide a variety of ligands and modes of action as you can. for a novel pathway.
Describe three ways in which a gradual increase inan extracellular signal can be sharpened by the target cellto produce an abrupt or nearly all-or-none response.
. Hedgehog, the signal, does not travel very far to bind to its receptor, Patched, on target cells.Therefore, target cells that are closer to the signaling cell receive a stronger signal. What modeof signaling does this describe?A. EndocrineB. Paracrine/AutocrineC. SynapticD. Contact-dependentExplain:
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Except for?, all of the following signals may trigger receptor conformational changes without reaching the plasma membrane. o a. Receptors for steroid hormones. Tyrosine kinase receptors are a kind of receptor that binds to tyrosine phosphatase. Voltage-gated ion channels (OC). G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs).
Compare and contrast the receptors and signalling cascade, and the physiological roles for two neurotransmitters in the brain Give examples
E: Using either GPCRs (G-protein couples receptors) or RTKs (Receptor tyrosine kinases), describe: 1. How ligand binding activates the receptor. Ex: which proteins are involved? what changes can occur to the receptor after binding the ligand? 2. A signal transduction pathway that occurs due to the ligand binding (must include a secondary messenger). 3. Any cellular response due to the ligand binding. 4. A way that the signal pathway is regulated.
In this mechanim of receptor regulation, there is uncoupling of the signaling pathway. Even though the ligand is bound to the receptor located in the plasma membrane, downstream signaling is not occuring. This is best described as: Answers A-D A receptor internalization B receptor desensitization C receptor sensitization 5 D receptor downregulation
Compare and contrast signaling via G-protein coupled receptor, receptor tyrosine kinases, nuclear receptor. Please name at least one ligand/receptor for each pathway. Also describe the 'fast' and 'slow' responses mediated by ligand binding