21). It is Review coupled reactions Me useful and customary to express the number of GTP, UTP, or other nucleotides consumed or produced in a pathway as equivalent to ATP. A cellular reaction that exchanges the terminal phosphate between ADP and another nucleoside diphosphate is catalyzed by nucleoside diphosphate kinase ee par upnosphate mase). One of the reactions of GNG consumes GTP. The task is to find the overall reaction that gives the equivalent change in ATP. Show the two, coupled reactions followed by the overall reaction.
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- Synthesis of the purine nucleotides AMP andGMP proceeds by a branched pathway starting with ribose5-phosphate (R5P), as shown schematically in FigureQ3–4. Using the principles of feedback inhibition, proposea regulatory strategy for this pathway that ensures an ade-quate supply of both AMP and GMP and minimizes thebuildup of the intermediates (A–I) when supplies of AMPand GMP are adequate.In enzyme catalysed reactions, the energy level of the enzyme/substrate (or ES) complex is higher (or raised) compared to the uncatalyzed reaction. List 4 factors that contribute to this raised energy level and explain how each of these factors contribute to the higher energy level of the ES complexLysozyme is an enzyme that hydrolyzes bacterial cell wall polysaccharides. When this reaction is carried out in the presence of H218O, it is observed that there is retention of configuration at the C1 carbon of the D site sugar as shown below: Would this result suggest that the enzyme mechanism involves the direct nucleophilic attack of water at C1 or that the enzyme mechanism involves attack by a nucleophilic amino acid side chain of the enzyme that generates a transient covalent intermediate?
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