One fundamental difference between transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes is: eukaryotic RNA transcripts undergo polyadenylation (poly-A tail; cap) eukaryotes produce single RNA transcripts called operons that code for several proteins prokaryotes undergo capping of their 5' end of the RNA transcript prokayotic transcription occurs in the nucleus O prokaryotes have intervening sequences that are spliced during processing of the RNA transcript

One fundamental difference between transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes is: eukaryotic RNA transcripts undergo polyadenylation (poly-A tail; cap) eukaryotes produce single RNA transcripts called operons that code for several proteins prokaryotes undergo capping of their 5' end of the RNA transcript prokayotic transcription occurs in the nucleus O prokaryotes have intervening sequences that are spliced during processing of the RNA transcript

Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (MindTap Course List)

5th Edition

ISBN:9781305117396

Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Chapter7: Gene Expression And Control

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4CT

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Many genes in both bacteria and eukaryotes contain numerous sequences that can cause pauses in or premature termination of transcription. Nevertheless, the transcription of these genes within a cell normally produces multiple RNA molecules thousands of nucleotides long without pausing or premature termination. However, when a single round of transcription of these genes takes place in a test tube, RNA synthesis is frequently interrupted by pauses and premature terminations, which reduce the rate at which transcription takes place and frequently shorten the lengths of the mRNA molecules produced. Most pauses and premature terminations occur when RNA polymerase temporarily backtracks (i.e., backs up) for one or two nucleotides along the DNA. Experimental findings have demonstrated that most pauses and premature terminations disappear if several RNA polymerases are simultaneously transcribing the DNA molecule. Propose an explanation for this observation of faster transcription and longer…
The sigma factor protein's role in transcription in E. coli includes which of the following? None of the answer options are correct. plays a role in transcription termination forms part of the core enzyme required for transcription initiation helps the siRNA to bind to the promoter All of the answer options are correct. contributes to the proof-reading activity of RNA polymerase And The role of tRNA is to serve as an intermediate in the decoding of genes. serve as general translational components of the ribosome. facilitate protein trafficking in protein secretion. facilitate splicing of pre-messenger RNAs. act as vehicles bringing amino acids to the site of protein synthesis. None of the answer choices are correct.
Prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes such as yeast have transcription control elements called upstream activating sequences. What are the comparable sequences found in higher eukaryotic species?
Shown below is a schematic drawing of a gene, with the transcription unit divided into numbered regions. The arrows (;) indicate transcription initiation sites, "D" indicates a splice donor site, "A" indicates a splice acceptor site, and "An" indicates a polyadenylation signal. Give all the possible fully processed mRNAs that could be produced from transcripts of this gene (you don't need to draw anything, just list the regions that would be included in each mRNA by number).
Several examples of antisense RNA regulating translation in bacterial cells have been discovered. Molecular geneticists have also used antisense RNA to artificially control transcription in both bacterial and eukaryotic genes. If you wanted to inhibit the transcription of a bacterial gene with antisense RNA, what sequences might the antisense RNA contain?
Many eukaryotic promoter regions contain CAAT boxes with consensus sequences CAAT or CCAAT approximately 70 to 80 bases upstream from the transcription start site. How might one determine the influence of CAAT boxes on the transcription rate of a given gene?
Consider the Rho-dependent terminator sequence 5’CCCAGCCCGCCUAAUGAGCGGCCUUUUUUUU-3’. What affect would a point mutation at any one of the bolded and underlined nucleotides disrupt termination of transcription? Group of answer choices Mutation in one of these nucleotides would disrupt base pairing, preventing the formation of the hairpin and disrupting termination. Mutation in one of these nucleotides would have no affect on base pairing, so the termination hairpin is formed and termination proceeds. Mutation in one of these nucleotides would not disrupt base pairing, but would prevent the formation of the hairpin and disrupt termination. Mutation in one of these nucleotides would disrupt base pairing, but not affect the formation of the hairpin and termination proceeds.
. Eukaryotic processing of hnRNA into mature mRNA includes all of the following steps except: ribosome attachment of methionine to the 5’-AUG-3’ codon 5’-addition of a 7-methylguanosine cap 3’-addition of a polyadenylated tail splicing together of exons excision of introns
A particular mutation in the bacterial sigma factor allows this protein to bind RNA polymerase but prevents it from coming off (detaching) RNA polymerase once it binds. What specific effect will this mutation have on transcription? It will prevent the transcription termination exerted by the Rho protein. It will prevent the formation of closed complexes between RNA polymerase and the promoter. It will prevent the formation of open complexes between RNA polymerase and the promoter. It will prevent the transition from the transcription initiation to the transcription elongation stage. It will prevent the synthesis of abortive RNA transcripts while the RNA polymerase is bound at the promoter.
The consensus sequence for the –35 sequence of a bacterial promoter is 5′–TTGACA–3′. The –35 sequence of a particular bacterial gene is 5′– TTAACA–3′. A mutation changes the fifth base from a C to a G. Would you expect this mutation to increase or decrease the rate of transcription?
The locations of the TATA box in two species of yeast, Saccharomyces pombe and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, differ dramatically. The TATA box of S. pombe is about 30 nucleotides upstream of the transcription start site, similar to the location in most other eukaryotic cells. However, the TATA box of S. cerevisiae is 40 to 120 nucleotides upstream of the start site. To better understand what sets the start site in these organisms, researchers at Stanford University conducted a series of experiments to determine which components of the transcription apparatus of these two species could be interchanged (Y. Li et al. 1994. Science 263:805–807). In these experiments, different general transcription factors and RNA polymerases were switched in S. pombe and S. cerevisiae, and the effects of each switch on the level of RNA synthesis and on the starting point of transcription were observed. The results from one set of experiments are shown in the table below. Components cTFIIB, cTFIIE, cTFIIF,…
The locations of the TATA box in two species of yeast, Saccharomyces pombe and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, differ dramatically. The TATA box of S. pombe is about 30 nucleotides upstream of the transcription start site, similar to the location in most other eukaryotic cells. However, the TATA box of S. cerevisiae is 40 to 120 nucleotides upstream of the start site. To better understand what sets the start site in these organisms, researchers at Stanford University conducted a series of experiments to determine which components of the transcription apparatus of these two species could be interchanged (Y. Li et al. 1994. Science 263:805–807). In these experiments, different general transcription factors and RNA polymerases were switched in S. pombe and S. cerevisiae, and the effects of each switch on the level of RNA synthesis and on the starting point of transcription were observed. The results from one set of experiments are shown in the table below. Components cTFIIB, cTFIIE, cTFIIF,…