Please indicate whether the following statement is true or false according to the reading article 5. “Alternative polyadenylation is a mechanism for regulating gene expression at RNA level.”
Q: Are the following statements TRUE or FALSE?
A: a.It is a false statement. Post transcriptional RNA processing occurs in the nucleus of the cell and…
Q: Describe the advantages and disadvantages of the following mechanisms of regulation: Transcriptional…
A: Mechanisms of regulation are very important in regulating the transcription and translation…
Q: Of the following choices, which would you suspect is most efficient at changing gene expression…
A: RNAi or RNA Interference: is the mechanism by which gene expression is inhibited at the translation…
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A: NOTE:- As you have posted multiple questions under one, we will solve the first part for you, to…
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A: In codon 34, CAC codes for the amino acid Histidine. CAC is replaced by GAC which codes for Aspartic…
Q: All of the following mRNA codons signal the end of translation, in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes,…
A: The translation is a molecular process of synthesis of protein from genetic information encoded in…
Q: What type of genetic regulation seems to be the most similar between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?…
A: Genetic regulation is defined as the process of switching genes "ON" and "OFF" to see in a cell's…
Q: A full-length eukaryotic gene is inserted into a bacterial chromosome. The gene contains a complete…
A: The gene expression of eukaryotes is regulated during transcription and RNA processing, which take…
Q: Which of the following best explains how the expression of a eukaryotic gene encoding a protein will…
A: The central dogma is common throughout the life forms on earth: i.e. DNA to RNA to Protein. Having…
Q: Post-translational modification of proteins refers to the covalent and enzymatic modification of…
A: The translation is a process by which the proteins are synthesized from the RNA. RNA polymerase and…
Q: Which of the following incorrectly describes the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic gene…
A: Prokaryotic organisms are single-celled creatures that lack the cell nucleus, and their DNA…
Q: Please describe the regulatory role of enhancers that binds to responsible regulators to activate…
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A: When transcription activator proteins bind to the regulatory promoter sequences of gene, they…
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Q: Name and discuss two transcription regulatory elements that can be found in the figure. (6) 4.2.…
A: RNA polymerase is a main enzyme responsible for the the transcription of RNA by coding complementary…
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A: Mutation is the sudden heritable changes that occur in the DNA sequences due to error while copying…
Q: The length of a particular gene in human DNA, measured from the start site for transcription to the…
A: Transcription is a process of formation of transcript or RNA from DNA by the process of…
Q: A gene encodes a protein with the following amino acid sequence: Met-Trp-His-Arg-Ala-Ser-Phe A…
A: Mutation is the sudden heritable changes that occur in the DNA sequences due to error while copying…
Q: Provide a detailed description of gene expression and control in prokaryotes. Provide a detailed…
A: Gene expression is the mechanism by which information from a gene is used to create a functioning…
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Q: Which of the following describes the most likely effect that a single base substitution in the…
A: Point mutation It is a type of genetic mutation in which a single nucleotide base gets altered,…
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A: these proteins acts as a lipid transcription factors and plays a major role in the formation or…
Q: One mutation is a deletion of six nucleotides in the second exon of the gene and the other mutation…
A: Introns and exons are nucleotide sequences within a gene in mRNA. The conversion of DNA to RNA is…
Q: Ubiquitylation and phosphorylation are common post-translational modifications. Which of the…
A: In a metabolic process, phosphorylation is the phenomenon in which one phosphorus is attached on a…
Q: Which of the following mutations is most likely to cause a single amino acid difference during the…
A: The translation is the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to a…
Q: Using what is known about the location of introns, a methylguanosine cap, and a poly-A tail, the…
A: Answer. In eukaryotes, transcription, and translation take place in different compartments of…
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Q: Which of the following gene regulation mechanisms are found ONLY in prokaryotes? a. coordinate…
A: DNA modifications can happen in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, Transcriptional and Translational…
Q: Identify which eukaryotic level of gene regulation is most applicable in the given examples.…
A: Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve first three subparts for…
Q: The eukaryotic cell is different from the prokaryotic cell. Outline the structural difference…
A: Cells They are the basic, fundamental entity of life.
Q: Describe with your own words two ways to silence the expression of gene X through regulatory RNA…
A: Gene expression is a process in which gene is transcribed into RNA and RNA is translated into…
Q: Which of the following is true about operons? A. Contains a cluster of genes transcribed as…
A: An operon is a functional unit of transcription and genetic regulation, which occur primarily in…
Q: A full-length eukaryotic gene is inserted into a bacterial chromosome. The gene contains a complete…
A: Transcription in eukaryotes occurs in three consequent stages that start with the initiation step,…
Q: Which of the following processes regulates the maturation of mRNA from hnRNA (in the control of gene…
A: mRNA In the world of RNA, mRNA is a type of RNA which contains codon in the form of triplets. These…
Q: A full-length eukaryotic gene is inserted into a bacterial chromosome. The gene contains a complete…
A: There are problems arise when a eukaryotic protein is expressed in prokaryotic system. A…
Q: What is the mechanism for addition of a guanosine to create the 5' methyl cap of a MRNA? O The 5'-OH…
A: Mature mRNA is an mRNA that is modified post-transcriptionally. Mature mRNA carries information from…
Q: Which of the following best explains how the prokaryotic expression of a metabolic protein can be…
A: c.Transcription factors can bind to regulatory sequences to increase RNA polymerase binding.…
Q: Which of the following scenario will result in greater consequences in terms of gene expression?…
A: Gene expression is basically the process in which the gene (contained typically in a DNA) is…
Q: Please give one observation of the genetic code that indicates it minimizes the harmful effects of…
A: Changes in the genetic sequence of a gene that can alter the expression of a genotype are called…
Q: Given the following MRNA sequence, what is the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide that will be…
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A: Enhancer arrangements are administrative DNA successions that, when limited by explicit proteins…
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A: Start codon is the first codon of a messenger RNA .Start codon generally codes for methionine in…
Q: A eukaryotic cell has a mutation where the enzyme responsible for creating the 5’ cap for the mRNA…
A: The eukaryotic mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) undergoes processing to incorporate the 5’ cap, 3’…
Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
- Please indicate whether the following statement is true or false according to the reading article 5.
“Alternative polyadenylation is a mechanism for regulating gene expression at RNA level.”
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- Several genes code for enzymes that are responsible for histidine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Part of the nucleotide sequence of the gene that codes for one of these enzymes is: AUG CCU UGG GCC CAA AAA UGC A series of mutants that have lost activity for this enzyme are recovered. The mutant products are analyzed and found to have the following amino acid sequences: Mutant 1: Met-Pro-Trp-Pro-Glu-Lys-Cys Mutant 2: Met-Pro Mutant 3: Met-Pro-Cys-Gly-Pro-Lys-Met Mutant 4: Met-Pro-Trp-Pro-Lys-Asp Choose the correct type of mutation that occurred in the DNA to produce each mutant type. Nonsense Answer Missense Answer Addition Answer Deletion AnswerBriefly discuss (referring to the images provided) why mutant 2 fails to produce functional protein. Note that none of the mRNA transcribed from this gene is of the expected size; some of the mRNA molecules produced are 223 nucleotides shorter than expected, whilst others are 47 nucleotides longer than expected.The following is a portion of a protein: met-trp-tyr-arg-gly-pro-thr-Various mutant forms of this protein have been recovered. Using the normal and mutant sequences, determine the DNA and mRNA sequences that code for this portion of the protein, and explain each of the mutations. a. met-trp- b. met-cys-ile-val-val-leu-gln- c. met-trp-tyr-arg-ser-pro-thr- d. met-trp-tyr-arg-gly-ala-val-ile-ser-pro-thr-
- Please select all answers that are TRUE about post translational modification of proteases including chymotrypsin. This process is irreversible. If the N-terminus of 16 is protonated, the oxyanion hole of chymotrypsin does not form in alpha-chymotrypsin. Trypsin cleaves chymotrypsinogen into pi-chymotrypsin. H57 is protonated until alpha-chymotrypsin is created. This process occurs in the stomach. MacBook Air V7 888 23: F4 F3 FR %The following four mutations have been discovered in a gene that has more than 60 exons and encodes a very large protein of 2532 amino acids. Indicate which mutation would likely cause a detectable change in the size of the mRNA and/or the size of the protein product. Consider a detectable change to be >10% of the wild-type size. A table of the genetic code is shown below. First letter 0 00 U O A บบบ UUC UUA UUG U CUU CUC CUA CUG Phe GUU GUC GUA GUG Leu >Leu AUU AUC lle AUA AUG Met >Val UCU UCC UCA UCG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU ACC ACA ACG GCU GCC GCA GCG Second letter C Ser Pro Thr Ala CAU CAC CAA CAG UAU UGU Tyr UAC UGC UAA Stop UGA UAG Stop UGG AAU AAC AAA AAG A GAU GAC GAA GAG His Gin Asn Lys Asp G Glu CGU CGC CGA CGGJ AGU AGC AGA AGG GGU GGC GGA GGG O AAG576UAG (changes codon 576 from AAG to UAG) Cys Stop Trp O GUG326AUG (changes codon 326 from GUG to AUG) Arg Ser Arg Gly DUAG DUA G DCAG DO AG deletion of codon 779 insertion of 1000 base pairs into the sixth intron (this particular…Many blood clotting proteins undergo a post-translational modification in which specific glutamic acid residues (Glu) in the protein are converted to gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues (Gla). See reaction scheme below. An example is the blood clotting protein Factor IX, which has 12 Glu in its N-terminus converted to Gla. This modification gives Factor IX the ability to bind calcium and phospholipid membranes. Bacteria do not have the enzyme required to convert Glu to Gla and therefore Factor IX proteins expressed in bacteria would not have the proper modifications. How might you engineer the translational apparatus of a bacterial cell line so that it produces Factor IX with Gla in the appropriate positions. How would you ensure that only the 12 Glu in Factor IX that are normally converted to Gla and not just all Glu (Limit 5-6 senetnces)?
- Post-translational modification of proteins refers to the covalent and enzymatic modification of proteins following protein biosynthesis. Give three (3) examples and briefly describe why the modification is important.Orotic aciduria is a rare hereditary disorder due to deficient orotate phosphoribosyltransferase and orotidine-5'-decarboxylase activities that are encoded by Uridylate (UMP) synthetase gene in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. The characteristic of this disorder is excessive excretion of orotic acid in urine. A mutation of UMP synthetase gene has been identified as R96G (at amino acid position 96, Arginine is changed to Glycine). In orotic aciduria, predict the consequences of deficient UMP synthetase by identifying which downstream enzyme missing its action. One of important molecules to be derived from pyrimidine biosynthesis is deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) for DNA replication and repair. How is dCTP synthesized, include what enzymes and important intermediates in the pathway? 3. As thymidine triphosphate (dTTP) is needed for DNA replication and repair, what enzymes and intermediates are required to get dTTPADH1A alcohol dehydrogenase 1A (class I) Describe a way in which the gene can be manipulated to treat the disease. Assume you can make any changes to the protein product and describe specifically how it will affect its interaction with other molecules.
- The eukaryotic cell is different from the prokaryotic cell. Outline the structural difference between these two types of cell and suggest two reasons why eukaryotic mRNA needs to be modified before translation.TRNAS are 'charged' or activated by aminoacyl TRNA synthetases. Select the correct statements regarding this process. The process is dependent on interactions between ribosomes and aminoacyl TRNA synthetases. The aminoacid is added to the D-loop of the tRNA. Aminoacyl TRNA synthetases are pre-associated with tRNAS. The amino acid is attached to the terminal to the 3' hydroxyl of an adenine in the acceptor arm. The process requires an aminoacyl-adenylate intermadiate. QUESTION 19 Select the correct statements regarding myosin-mediated contraction the sarcomere. O Ca2+ is required for the binding of myosin to f-actin. Myosin and f-actin are randomly distributed in the sarcomere. Physical pulling of the actin microfilament requires three distinct conformation changes on myosin that involve ATP binding, ATP hydrolysis and sequential release of inorganic phosphate and ADP. Myosin-mediated contracted is ubiquitous across all cell types. O O O OIndicate whether each of the following events occurs when tryptophan is high or when tryptophan is low by placing a check in each of the appropriate blanks. Share your reasoning. Event Tryptophan high Tryptophan low Ribosome does not stall at Trp codons ____________ ____________ Region 2 of the leader pairs with region 3 ____________ ____________ Ribosome covers part of region 2 of leader ____________ ____________ Transcription is terminated before structural genes are transcribed ____________ ____________