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- Should there be one $/QALY for an entire country?
- How would you expect drug companies to react to price limits set by public programs?
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- Should the FDA consider economic factors in new drug approvals?Should price controls be imposed on life-saving drugs? Will consumers benefit or be harmed by this type of regulation?The Orphan Drug Act of 1983 provides tax incentives, patent protection, and research subsidies to firms for drugs, vaccines, and diagnostic agents if they are intended to treat a disease that affects less than 200,000 citizens. Explain how the Orphan Drug Act would affect drug development. Can you think of any tradeoffs from the act?
- Indicate whether each statement is true or false, and justify your answer.Price controls decrease the innovation rate for drugs but make existing drugs more affordable.Explain how the Orphan Drug Act would affect drug development. Can you think of any TRADEOFFS from the act?Explain how the Orphan Drug Act would affect drug development. are there any tradeoffs from the act?
- Indicate whether each statement is true or false, and justify your answer.In the US, drug companies receive a patent of 100 years for each drug they develop. This allows them a prolonged legal monopoly on the sale of that drug.PLEASE ANSWER JUST D & E List the costs and benefits of the following hypothetical policies: A. The US government offers a $5 billion prize to the first drug company that develops a cure for Alzheimer's disease. B. The patent length for drugs to treat fatal diseases is reduced to five years and all current patents for such drugs that are already in more than five years old instantly expire. C. The European Medicines Agency announces that it will instantly approve new drug applications that have shown any promise in treating Creutzfeld-Jakob disease (also known as mad cow disease), even if there are safety concerns or if the evidence of efficacy is not conclusive. D. The US government allows patients to write themselves prescriptions on weekends, when physicians are typically not available. E. The US government mandates lower out-of-pocket costs on brand-name drugsList the costs and benefits of the following hypothetical policies.a. The US government offers a $5 billion prize to the first drug company that develops a cure for Alzheimer’s disease.b. The patent length for drugs to treat fatal diseases is reduced to five years, and all current patents for such drugs that are already more than five years old instantly expire.c. The European Medicines Agency announces that it will instantly approve new drug applications that have shown any promise in treating Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (also known as mad cow disease), even if there are safety concerns or if the evidence of efficacy is not conclusive.d. The US government allows patients to write themselves prescriptions on weekends, when physicians are typically not available.
- 3.4. EZjoint. After spending 10 years and $1.5 billion, you have finally gotten Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval to sell your new patented wonder drug, which reduces the aches and pains associated with aging joints. You will market this drug under the brand name of EZjoint. Market research indicates that the demand elasticity for EZjoint is 21.25 (at all points on the demand curve). You estimate the marginal cost of manufacturing and selling one more dose of EZjoint is $1. (a) What is the profit-maximizing price per dose of EZjoint? (b) WouldyouexpecttheelasticityofdemandyoufaceforEZjointtoriseorfall when your patent expires? Suppose that, after patent expiry, a generic version of EZjoint was introduced in the market (under the chemical name clorophospartane). Reacting to entry, EZjoint decided to increase price. (c) Can this behavior be consistent with rational profit maximizing? (Cabral, 20170224)List the costs and benefits of the following hypothetical policies: A. The US government offers a $5 billion prize to the first drug company that develops a cure for Alzheimer's disease. B. The patent length for drugs to treat fatal diseases is reduced to five years and all current patents for such drugs that are already in more than five years old instantly expire. C. The European Medicines Agency announces that it will instantly approve new drug applications that have shown any promise in treating Creutzfeld-Jakob disease (also known as mad cow disease), even if there are safety concerns or if the evidence of efficacy is not conclusive. D. The US government allows patients to write themselves prescriptions on weekends, when physicians are typically not available. E. The US government mandates lower out-of-pocket costs on brand-name drugs.Frustration over US pharmaceutical pricing has led researchers to develop frameworks for evaluation that can be used by any purchaser or patient making complex drug choices. One of the most prominent, the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review, uses clinical trial data and compares value -- per quality adjusted life year (QALY) -- under actual market pricing and other possible references prices for specific drugs. Do you think $/QALY is an appropriate metric for evaluating the value of new drugs?