Solve the following problem using Write-Invalidate and Write-Through algorithm? Given three processors P1, P2, and P3 and a variable x =9 stored in the main memory. Show the contents of each processor cache and the main memory with the following instructions: P1 Reads x P1 Reads x P2 reads x P1 Updates x=x*2 P2 Updates x= x+5 P1 Replaces x
Q: 1. Solve the following problems: a) Given a 50 MHz FOSC, how long does it take the instruction goto…
A: We need to find time and number of instructions.
Q: 2- Draw memory and microprocessor contents before and after execution the following instruction: MOV…
A: Given: We are given a microprocessor instruction below: Goal: We have to find the contents of…
Q: add $t4,$t1,$t3 add $t3,$t1,$t2 What data hazard prevents a multiple-issue processor from executing…
A: Given the program: Instruction 1: add $t4,$t1,$t3 Instruction 2: add $t3,$t1,$t2
Q: Q:Consider computing the overall MIPS for a machine A for which the following performance measures…
A: Average number of cycles per instruction = 30*1 + 20*3 + 10*5 + 15*7 + 5*2 / 100 = 255/100 = 2.55…
Q: Draw memory and microprocessor contents before and atter execution the following instruction: MOV…
A: Note: As per our guidelines , we are supposed to answer only one question. Kindly repost other…
Q: Consider the following portions of three different programs running at the same time on three…
A:
Q: Evaluate the effect of the instruction LDR r1, [r2], #4, given the initial values below. What is the…
A: As ldr r1,[r2], #4 means r1= mem[r2] this means r1=mem[1004] so r1=20 r2 = 1004+4 r2=1008 r3=50…
Q: QUESTION 5 "Assuming: in a MIPS machine, all the memory locations have data -1; all the registers…
A: Answer is given below
Q: The following table shows the memory hierarchy for a 2 GHz processor with the following information:…
A:
Q: Answer the following questions. A. A computer system has a main memory access time as 60ns. you as a…
A: ANSWER:-
Q: A certain microprocessor requires either 2, 3, 4, 8, or 12 machine cycles to perform various…
A: Solution: To find the clock rate, first find the average number of machine cycle per instructions.…
Q: Consider a CPU with clock cycle of 10ns that executes program A in 100 clock cycles and access the…
A: Given Data : Cycle time = 10 ns Program A takes = 100 cycles Program A access memory = 50 times…
Q: Assume miss rate of an instruction cache is 2% and miss rate of data cache IS 4%. If a processor…
A: Introduction
Q: Assume miss rate of an instruction cache is 2% and miss rate of data cache is 4%. If a pročessor…
A: Introduction : Given , Data and conditions , we have to calculate ,by how much faster a processor…
Q: umber of cores in a new generation of processors doubles. How much additional off-chip memory…
A: Assume that every 18 months, the number of cores in a new generation of processors doubles. How much…
Q: 4. Assume that the state of the 8088´s registers and memory is as follows: Memory [DS:100H] = 0FH…
A: So after executing the each instructions the results prodeuced in the destination operand are given…
Q: Assume that every 18 months, the number of cores available on a new generation of CPUs is doubled.…
A: Double CPUs: An electronic device with two CPUs. In contrast to dual core systems, which have two…
Q: Consider the data path below for a single cycle 32-bits MIPS processor Assume that we are executing…
A: the option c is correct
Q: Why do we need cache memory when we already have RAM (Random Access Memory), which is a kind of…
A: Cache Memory: Data retrieval from the a computer's memory is made more effective by cache memory, a…
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A: Given information:- The amount of parallelizable instructions (p) = 90% = 0.9 So, the amount of…
Q: Assume that every 18 months, the number of cores available on new CPU generations doubles. How much…
A: CPU The part of a PC framework that controls the understanding and execution of guidelines. The CPU…
Q: Q3 Assume the following latencies for a single-issue processor. Instruction Producing Result FP…
A: Answer: I have given answered in the handwritten format in brief explanation
Q: benchmark program is run on a 40 MHz processor. The executed program consists of 80000 instruction…
A: Total time = effective CPI * instruction Count * CPU clock cycle time Effective CPI = Fi*CPIi…
Q: Consider the following portions of three different programs running at the same time on three…
A: a) Total = Total + val_1; LDR AC, [0x0100] ADD AC, [0x0120] STR [0x0100], AC Total = Total - val_2…
Q: Suppose you have a processor with a base CPI of 1.0, and two caches (L1 and L2). You have the…
A:
Q: Suppose that in 1000 memory references there are 150 misses in first level and 100 miss in second…
A: Given:
Q: A certain microprocessor requires either 2, 4, 8, 12, or 16 machine cycles to perform various…
A: Distribution of the frequency: CPU speed is considered as the key deciding factor for finding the…
Q: Consider a processor running a program. 30% of the instructions of which require a memory read or…
A: Given, cache hit ratio = 0.95 cache hit for data = 0.9 cache hit cycles = 1 cache miss cycles = 17
Q: For a single cycle Processor, how many clock cycles are required to execute the following code…
A: Actually, memory is a used to stores the data.
Q: Assume an instruction cache miss rate for gcc of 2% and a data cache miss rate of 4%. If a machine…
A: Introduction :Given , Instruction cache miss rate = 2%data cache miss rate = 4%CPI of machine is 2…
Q: On the Motorola 68020 microprocessor, a cache access takes two clock cycles. Data access from main…
A: step: 1 of 2 Preconditions: One clock cycle = 60 ns Given that, Cache access takes two clock cycles,…
Q: Suppose the hypothetical processor has two I/O instructions: 0011=Load AC from I/O 0111=Store AC to…
A: Given:- 0011=Load AC from I/O0111=Store AC to I/O
Q: Assume that the Intel 8086 registers AL, BL, CL, and DL have the following values Gn Hexadecimal)…
A: Question 1) XCHG BL, DL will exchange the values of BL with DL , thus BL= AB DL = CD. Question 2)…
Q: d) Consider I have the following instructions Id addi x11, x12, 5 x12, 16(x11) add x13, x11, x12…
A: In above code we can see that each instruction consist of 3-stage . however, some instruction depend…
Q: Q:Consider computing the overall MIPS for a machine A for which the following performance measures…
A:
Q: Assume that registers $s0, and $s1 hold the value 0x80000000 and 0×D0000000, respectively. (0x:…
A: a. $s0 =0x80000000 = 1000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 (32 bits) $s1 = 0xD0000000…
Q: For each code below, explain whether there is any hazard or not; if there is a hazard, suggest a…
A: Code1 :- There is a data hazard for the value of register X10 in this code. This code requires…
Q: Assume that every 18 months, the number of cores that are available on a new generation of CPUs…
A: According to the described scenario, the CPU's core count will double once every 18 months (or one…
Q: Given a MIPS processor with a direct-mapped data cache. On this processor the following code is…
A: Note: Answering the first question as per the guidelines. Given : The given sample code to access…
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A: Number of the lines in set 'K' = 2 Total capacity of cache memory = 8 K Byte Block size = 2w = line…
Q: b) An 8051 subroutine is shown below: MOV RO, #20OH MOV @RO, #0 LOOP: INC RO CJNE RO, #80H,LOOP RET…
A: a) This subroutine is to clear the RAM locations 20H to 7FH b) total machine cycles: MC Bytes…
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Q: (B)- Choose the correct answer for the following questions (Choose FIVE Only) 1. Assume AL register…
A: 1) Ans:- Option c Assume AL register 7FH, it would become 81H after executed NEG AL instruction. 2)…
Q: Suppose you have overclocked a processor to 8,722.78MHz. This processor can execute one instruction…
A: Below i have answered:
Q: Suppose we have a processor with a base CPI of 2.0 assuming all references hit in the pnmary cache…
A: Given Base CPI = 2.0 Clock rate = 1000 MHz = 1 GHz Miss rate/instruction = 5% Main memory access…
Q: Given the following latencies-- I-Mem: 200ps, Add: 70ps, Mux: 20ps, ALU: 90ps, Regs: 90ps, D-Mem:…
A: GIVEN: I-Mem Add Mux ALU Regs D-Mem Sign-Extend Shift-Left-2 200ps 70ps 20ps 90ps 90ps 250ps…
Q: Consider the following system: CPU base CPI = 2, clock rate = 2GHZ Miss rate/instruction = 3%, Main…
A: Here we find effective CPI for given question : Answer 1) Answer :3.5
Q: Consider computing the overall CPI for a machine Z for which the following performance measures were…
A: The clock rate of the CPU = 200mhz. Instruction Category Percentage of Occurrence No. of cycles…
Q: Calculate the hit and miss ratios in the cache and in the main memory for the processor assuming if…
A: Cache Hits + Cache Misses= m + k Cache Miss Ratio = 1 - Cache Hit Ratio For example, assume that a…
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- Assume we have a computer where the clocks per instruction is 1.0 when all memory accesses hit in the cache. The only data accesses are loads and stores and these total 50% of the instructions. If the miss penalty is 25 clock cycles and the miss rate is 2%, how much faster would the computer be if all instructions were cache hits?Assume the miss rate of an instruction cache is 4% and the miss rate of the data cache is 5%. If a processor has a CPI of 3 without any memory stalls, and the miss penalty is 50 cycles for all misses, determine how much faster a processor would run with a perfect cache that never missed. Assume the frequency of all loads and stores is 44%.Question: Suppose a program of 600 instructions runs on a 2 GHz processor. The frequency of instructions and the clock cycle counts per instruction are given as follows. What is the average CPI of this instruction mix? Operation Frequency Clock Cycles ALU operations 55% 1 Loads/Stores 30% 2 Branches 15% 3 Question: Continue from the previous question. What is the CPU time of the program in nanoseconds? Question: Suppose a processor P has a 2.5 GHz clock rate and a CPI of 1.5. If the processor executes a program in 3 microseconds, find the number of instructions in the program.
- A certain microprocessor requires either 2, 4, 8, 12, or 16 machine cycles to perform various operations. A total of 17.5% of its instructions require 2 machine cycles, 12.5% require 4 machine cycles, 35% require 8 machine cycles, 20% require 12 machine cycles, and 15% require 16 machine cycles.Q) Suppose this system requires an extra 16 machine cycles to retrieve an operand from memory. It has to go to memory 30% of the time. What is the average number of machine cycles per instruction for this microprocessor, including its memory fetch instructions?In this problem, you will explore processor frequency in the context of the speed of light.Suppose you have overclocked a processor to 8,722.78MHz. This processor can execute one instruction per cycle. Further let us suppose that the system is accessing a magnetic disk (HD) with an access time of 11ms. 1. Suppose that you are designing the machine architecture and want to guarantee the CPU can obtain data from memory within 4 CPU cycles. Given that the address has to travel from the CPU to the memory unit (MMU) and that the data has to travel from memory to the CPU, what is the maximum distance between CPU and the MMU if the signal on the memory bus propagates at 75% of the speed of light?On a uniprocessor, portion A of program P consumes 24 seconds, while portion B consumes 822 seconds. On a parallel computer, moderately serial portion A speeds up 4 times, while perfectly parallel portion B speeds up by the number of processors. 1- What is the speedup of program P on 1,024 processors? _______ times 2- How many processors are required to achieve at least half the theoretical maximum possible speedup on P?
- A certain processor uses separate instruction and data caches with hit ratios 97% and 94% respectively. The access time from the processor to either cache is 1 clock cycle, and the block transfer time between the caches and main memory is 67 clock cycles. Among blocks replaced in the data cache, 21% is the percentage of dirty blocks (Dirty means that the cache copy is different from the memory copy). Assuming a write-back policy, what is the AMAT for the instructions in this system? Round to 2 decimal places.As a sort-of prediction for your midterm assignment, how many CPU cores do you think is ideal? Hint: think about Amdahl's Law, which describes the theoretical maximum speedup for a parallel program.Assume that every 18 months, the number of CPU cores accessible is doubled. How much more off-chip memory bandwidth will be necessary for a CPU to maintain the same level of per-core performance in three years?
- Let's pretend that the number of available cores in CPUs increases by one with each new generation, about every 18 months. If we fast forward three years, how much off-chip memory bandwidth would a CPU require to maintain the same per-core speed?If memory read cycle takes 100 ns and a cache read cycle takes 20 ns, then for four continuous references, the first one brings the main memory contents to cache and the next three from cache. Find the time taken for the Read cycle with and without Cache? What is the Percentage speedup obtained?Assume that every 18 months, the number of cores that are available on a new generation of CPUs doubles. How much extra off-chip memory bandwidth will be required for a CPU that is introduced in three years in order to retain the same level of per-core performance?