Suppose a researcher conducts matings between three Hfr bacterial strains and an F¯ strain. The table shows the order in which genes are incorporated for each strain. Determine the gene order of the chromosome by placing each gene on the outside of the circular chromosome map. Identify the origin of replication for each Hfr strain on the inside of the map to indicate polarity of the origin. Hfr strain Order of gene transfer 1 ikvq w k t zr b m 3 v kimb i 2 1 m b Answer Bank

Suppose a researcher conducts matings between three Hfr bacterial strains and an F¯ strain. The table shows the order in which genes are incorporated for each strain. Determine the gene order of the chromosome by placing each gene on the outside of the circular chromosome map. Identify the origin of replication for each Hfr strain on the inside of the map to indicate polarity of the origin. Hfr strain Order of gene transfer 1 ikvq w k t zr b m 3 v kimb i 2 1 m b Answer Bank

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter17: Metabolism: An Overview

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 13P: What Art the Features of the Series of -omes? Define the following terms: a. Genome b. Transcriptome...

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Wild-type E. coli takes up and concentrates a certain redfood dye, making the colonies blood red. Transposonmutagenesis was used, and the cells were plated on fooddye. Most colonies were red, but some colonies did nottake up dye and appeared white. In one white colony, theDNA surrounding the transposon insert was sequenced,with the use of a DNA replication primer identical withpart of the end of the transposon sequence, and the sequence adjacent to the transposon was found to correspond to a gene of unknown function called atoE, spanning positions 2.322 through 2.324 Mb on the map(numbered from an arbitrary position zero). Propose afunction for atoE. What biological process could be investigated in this way, and what other types of white colonies might be expected?
Draw a diagram of replication that is occurring at theend of a double-stranded linear chromosome. Showthe leading and lagging strands with their primers.(Indicate the 5′ and 3′ ends of the strands.) What difficulty is encountered in producing copies of bothDNA strands at the end of a chromosome?
What Art the Features of the Series of -omes? Define the following terms: a. Genome b. Transcriptome c. Proteome d. Metabolome e. Fluxome
Because bacteria are able to replicate at high rates, they aresubjected to mistakes or mutations being made in their nucleo-tide sequence. For example, the nucleotide sequence in a genecoding for a protein might be AATTGGCCA but because ofmutation might become GGTTGGCCA. How may such a mu-tation become beneficial to the bacterium? How may it becomeharmful?
You are studying bacterial cells and you find bacteria with a mutation that causes itto produce non-functiondl ligase. If you allowed that cell to replicate once and thenyou isolated the DNA from the two newly formed cells what would you expect tofind?A. One longer single strand of DNA and many short single strands of DNAB. Two longer single strands of DNA and many short single strands of DNAC. Four longer single strands of DNA and many short single strands of DNAD. Eight longer single strands of DNA and many short single strands of DNAChoose the correct answer above and explain why you chose that answer. Yourexplanation should discuss the replication of DNA in bacteria and the role of ligase in DNA replication.
Describe the double-stranded structure of DNA, and explainhow the AT/GC rule underlies the ability of DNA to be replicatedsemiconservatively
Define the following terms:a. processivityb. replisomec. exonucleased. DNA ligasee. replication fork
Explain how rolling circle DNA replication allows both donor andrecipient to end up with a complete copy of plasmids transferredby conjugation.
You are analyzing the intracellular DNA intermediates formed during the replication of the single-stranded (ss) DNA phage M13. In a replication mutant, you find accumulation of DNA molecules with the following properties:Results of a 0.7% agarose gel electrophoresis run at pH 8.0 – gel is running top tobottom, with the origin at the top of the diagram. The smudges indicate several bandswith slightly different migration rates. open circle M13closed circle M13 Left lane — markers (wild-type open circle M13 and closed circle M13)2nd lane — DNA extracted from mutant M13 phage cells3rd lane — DNA extracted from mutant M13 phage cells denatured4th lane — DNA extracted from normal M13 phage cellsRight lane — DNA extracted from normal M13 phage cells denaturedProfiles from a 5 – 20% sucrose gradient centrifuging of the mutant M13 phage DNA The arrow on the neutral (pH 7.4) gradient shows the position of the covalently closed circular DNA. On the alkaline (pH 12.5) gradient, note two peaks…
A bacterium has a genome size of 4.4 Mb. If a researchercarries out shotgun DNA sequencing and sequences a totalof 19 Mb, what is the probability that a base will be leftunsequenced? What percentage of the total genome will beleft unsequenced?
Suppose DNA polymerase synthesizes DNA at a rate of 1130 bases per minute in a new strain of E. coli. It takes the new strain 40 minutes to replicate their chromosome. How many nucleotides are in the chromosome? Calculate the length of the chromosome given the diagram.
Researchers who study the molecular mechanism of transformationhave identified many proteins in bacteria that function in theuptake of DNA from the environment and its recombination intothe host cell’s chromosome. This means that bacteria have evolvedmolecular mechanisms for the purpose of transformation by extracellularDNA. What advantage(s) does a bacterium derive from importing DNA from the environment and/or incorporating it into its chromosome?