Suppose the economy is initially at a long-run equilibrium. The Fed then increases the money supply. In the following three diagrams, assume the resulting inflation is unexpected.
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Suppose the economy is initially at a long-run equilibrium. The Fed then increases the money supply. In the following three diagrams, assume the resulting inflation is unexpected.
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- Assume that output began at its natural level. By drawing using AD-AS (Upward sloping) and Philips curves (graphs), analyze the short and long-run effects for these solutions. The government decreases the investment tax credit in order to discourage investment-My lecturer said it does not involve the movement of AS. so does it mean Philips curve graph along move along the curve ?The Great Financial Crisis (GFC) mainly hit financing and hence theability of companies to finance investment, while the Corona crisis haspredominantly hit the labour input via the lockdown.! Calculate the impact of both crises on long-run growth assuming that thelabour share is 0.7 and the following information are given:– GFC: Growth rate of labour = 0%, Growth rate of capital= -5%, Growth rate of TFP =1%– Corona Crisis: Growth rate of labour = -5%, Growth rate of capital = 0%, Growth rateof TFP = 1%! Discuss whether and under what circumstances the lockdown will lead toa lower potential output in the long-run.! In the light of the growth accounting insights, what policies would yourecommend to revive growth after the lockdown?question 3Consider the AS-AD and three-equations models of a closed economy discussed in the course.(a). Write down the expressions for the AS and AD curves and interpret the expressions: what is the intuition behind the two curves? What must be true of the model parameters and variables in the long-run equilibrium, i.e. in the steady state?(b). Analyse the effects of an oil supply shock that causes a temporary increase in inflation, using the three-equation model. Assume that the shock lasts for one-period and then assumes the value 2%. Describe the mechanisms that bring the economy back to long-run equilibrium. What happens to aggregate demand?(c). Consider an economy that starts out in steady state when the central bank decides to make the inflation target more ambitious. Analyse the effects of a decrease in the inflation target from ? to ??. Explain the mechanisms behind the adjustment to the new steady state.
- Let’s see just how much high expected inflation can hurt incentives to save for the long run. Let’s assume the government takes about one‑third of every extra dollar of nominal interest you earn. You must pay taxes on nominal interest. However, if you are rational, you will care mostly about your real, after‑tax interest rate when deciding how much to save. ?i ??=?Eπ=π 23×?23×i (23×?)−?(23×i)−π Nominal interest rate Inflation (no surprises) Nominal after‑tax return Real after‑tax return 15% 12% 10% -2% 6% 3% 12% 9% 90% 87% 900% 897% Calculate the nominal and real after‑tax return for each case.Nominal interest rate = 6%, inflation = 3% Nominal after‑tax return: % Real after‑tax return: % Nominal interest rate = 12%, inflation = 9% Nominal after‑tax return: % Real after‑tax return: % Nominal interest rate = 90%, inflation = 87% Nominal after‑tax return: %…Consider an economy called Xanadu for which desired aggregate consumptiondepends on income, Y. and the real interest rate, r, according toCd =100+0.7Y - 200r.Xanadu's GDP is Y = 1000 and government spending on goods and services is G=180. Xanadu's desired future capital stock is given byK* = 140 - 100ucwhere luCdenotes the user-cost of capital. The price of capital is PK =2, thephysical depreciation rate is d =0.1 and the existing capital stock is K0= 50. Trapital stock between any period t and the following period t+1 evolves accordng toKt+1 = It+(1-d)Kt where It the level of investment. Assume throughout that net factor payments from abroad (NFP) is equal to zero.Suppose instead that Xanadu is a small open economy facing a world interest rate of 1%. It follows that Xanadu's current account position is equal toA) -16B) -51C) -6D) -8Describe the behavior of consumption, investment, labor, productivity, wages, the price level and the money supply over the business cycle both in terms of correlation, magnitude and lead vs lag. Give the economic intuition of the results on consumption, investment, produc- tivity, wages and price levels. [Note, I am looking for the correlation between each of these items and income. Give leads and lags only when the most important correlation is not contemporaneous. You may trust the author of the book on this one.]
- Suppose that the economy's long-run output level is produces accourding to the following production funciton: Y= AK^1/2L^1/2 (will attach picture of the function) and that A = 5, K = 400 and L = 100 A. What is the economic meaning of the powers of K and L? B. What is the level of output ? produced when the economy in long-run equilibrium. C. Suppose that aggregate demand in the economy is described by the following equation:Y^d = m/kP Where M is the money supply, P is the price level and k = 1/V (velocity of money). Explain carefully where this equation is derived from and its interpretation D. Suppose that M = 2000 and that k = 2. What is the price level P at which the economy is in long-run- equilibrium? Plot such an equilibrium on a diagram with P on the vertical axis and Y on the horizontal axis, by distinguishing between the short-run and the long-run equilibrium. E. Now suppose that starting from the equilibrium of (b) and (c), the Central Bank increases M to 3000. Calculate…Please no written by hand solution Consider the following economic situations:C = $4.0 trillionI = $1.5 trillionG = $3.0 trillionT = $3.0 trillionNX = $1.0 trillionF = 0mpc = 0.8d = 0.35x = 0.15r = 1% λ = 0.5A. Calculate an expression for the IS, MP and AD curves ( r= ?, IS Y= ?, AD Y=?)B. Let AS curve be given by the relation: π = 6 + 1.5 (Y - 25.5) (i.e. the price shock is zero). What are the equilibrium values of inflation, output and the real interest rate(π, Y, r)?C. Suppose government purchases are raised from $3.0 trillion to $3.5 trillion. What are new short-run equilibrium inflation values, output and the real interest rate (π, Y, r}?D. Suppose a financial crisis begins, and ƒ increases ƒ = 3. (Assume government purchases are again as in part (a). What are the new short-run equilibrium values of inflation, output, and the interest rate (π, Y, r}?(Please solve all the parts with numerical steps so it could be practiced easily)Calculations with the IS curve: Suppose the parameters of the IS curve are a = 0,b = 3/4, r = 2% and the real interest rate is initially R = 2%. Explain whathappens to short-run output in each of the following scenarios (consider eachseparately):(a) Te real interest rate rises from 2% to 4%.(b) Te real interest rate falls from 2% to 1%.(c) ac increases by 1 percentage point.(d) ag decreases by 2 percentage points.(e) aim decreases by 2 percentage points.
- How do the long-run model and the short-run model ft together? What isthe purpose of each model?In what way might society gain if the Bank of Canada implements an anti-recessionary policy instead of simply permitting long-run adjustments to take place? OA. The Bank of Canada's policy can reduce unemployment sooner. OB. The Bank of Canada's policy can shorten the adjustment period. OC. The Bank of Canada's policy can move the economy to long-run equilibrium sooner OD. All of the aboveWhy do we measure short-run output Y in percentage terms rather than in dollar terms? Explain in detail please