Suppose there is a negative output gap of 12 (the output gap is the difference between current output and desired output). The current real interest rate, r, is 0.05 and the investment function reads I=20-200r. The mpc is 0.5. By how much should the central bank decrease the real rate to close the output gap? Answer up to two decimal points
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- In a small closed economy, its aggregate demand and output are given as the equations below, Y = C + I + G; national output or GDP. C = 100 + 0.5(Y-T); consumption, marginal propensity to consume MPC = 0.5. I = 150 – 10*r; investment is a negative function of real interest rate (r as %). (M/P)d = Y – 20*r; real money demand which is adjusted by price level (inflation). G = 200; as government spending. T = 200; as tax. M = 2,400; as money supply. P = 4; the price level. (1) With the equations above, try to derive the IS curve. Tip: recall IS curve represent the relation between national output (Y) and real interest rate (r) in goods market. To derive IS curve, you need to put all components of Y together and find its connection with r. (2) Use the same equations, now try to derive the LM curve. Tip: recall LM curve represent the relation between national output (Y) and real interest rate (r) in money market. So to derive LM curve, you need to consider money supply and demand.…After the global financial crisis, there has been a heated debate about whether the sluggish recovery in advanced economies reflects the secular stagnation or a slowing trend under debt overhang. Advocates of secular stagnation argue that tepid investment spending along with subdued consumption by households would result in persistent output gap and slow growth for many years to come. Also, the resulting excess of global savings over global investment in turn would put the real interest rate on a downward path. There are several explanations for this secular stagnation hypothesis. Which of the following cannot be viewed as such explanation?a. Decline in investment rates due to a dearth of profitable investment opportunitiesb. Decline in the relative price of investment goods – hence the same investment projects can be pursued by committing a smaller share of GDP, which results in a lower amount of investment in total.c. Decline in population growth rate means capital has less…Explain whether each of the following statements is true or false : A). An increase in the ratio of cash holdings to deposits raises the money multiplier. B). If real interest rates become negative, the neoclassical model of investment predicts there is now no limit to how much capital rms want to purchase.
- By using graphs, show and explain each of the following events as either leading to an increase or a decrease in the equilibrium interest rate? d)A sale of government securities by the TCMB f)An increase in the discount rate e)decrease in the level of aggregate outputWhen real interest rates fall, the opportunity cost of current spending ________ and the consumption function shifts ________. A falls; upward B rises; upward C falls; downward D rises; downwardThe consumption function is given by: C = 200+0.75 (Y-T). The investment function is I = 200-25r. G =100 T=100 Suppose instead that money supply is raised from 1,000 to 1,200. How much does the LM curve shift? What are the new equilibrium interest rate and level of income?
- Suppose the current level of output and the interest rate are such that the economy is operating on neither the IS nor LM curve. Which of the following is true for this economy? A) Production does not equal demand. B) The money supply does not equal money demand. C) The quantity supplied of bonds does not equal the quantity demanded of bonds. D) Financial markets are not in equilibrium. E) all of the aboveAssume that the money demand function is (M / P) ^ d = 2, 200 - 200r, where r is the interest rate in percent. The money supply M is 2,000 and the price level P is 2. The consumption function is given by C = 200 + 0.5(Y - T) and the investment function is I = 1.000 - 200r , where r is measured in percent , G equals 300, and T equals 200. Calculate the equilibrium level of output. Show the IS-LM equilibrium graphically.Suppose the desired consumption function of Canadaland is given by C^d= 0.5 + 0.7Y - 10r - 0.1G, where Y is income, r is the real interest rate, and G is government purchases. This implies that a. Desired consumption is increasing in the real interest rate b. The marginal propensity to consume is 0.5 c. The marginal propensity to consume is 0.75 d. Desired consumption is increasing in governmental purchases
- If planned aggregate spending in an economy can be written as PAE = 15,000 + 0.6Y − 20,000r, andpotential output equals 34,000, what real interest rate must the Federal Reserve set to bring theeconomy to full employment?Consider the economy of Ghana. The consumption function is given by C = 400 + 0.8(Y - T). The investment function is I = 600 - 70r. Government purchases is 400. Assume a balanced budget. The money demand function is (M/P)d = Y - 180r. The money supply M is 3,000 and the price level P is 3. Find the equilibrium interest rate r and the equilibrium level of income Y. Suppose that government purchases are increased from 400 to What are the new equilibrium interest rate and level of income? Suppose instead that the money supply is increased from 3,000 to 3,500. What are the new equilibrium interest rate and level of income? With the initial values for monetary and fiscal policy, suppose that the price level rises from 3 to 5 What are the new equilibrium interest rate and level of income? Please solve 4Consider a closed-economy. The economywide expected future marginal product of capital is MPKf = 50 − 0.05K^f , where Kf is the future capital stock. The depreciation rate of capital, δ, is 10% per period. The current capital stock, K, is 900 units of capital. The real price of a unit of capital is 8 unit of output. Firms pay taxes equal to 20% of their output. The consumption equation is C = 100 + 0.6Y −100r, where C is consumption, Y is output, and r is the real interest rate. Government spending equals 150 and full-employment output is 1000. (a) Suppose the current real interest rate is 10% per period. What are the values of the tax-adjusted user cost of capital, the desired future capital stock, and the desired level of investment? (b) When the real interest rate equals 10%, what are the desired levels of consumption and saving (assuming output is at the full-employment level)? 10 (c) Is the goods market in equilibrium when the real interest rate equals 10%? Provide an intuitive…