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when left the treat environment as if it has no value the polluters in region release collective 500 tons of pollutant per year. The damages from this pollutant are MD=10e while aggregate abatement cost is MAC=10+5a. Calculate;
A)efficient aggregate levels of abatement and emissions
B)use calculations to show that a one ton increase or decrease in emissions would not be efficient
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Solved in 3 steps
- A city currently emits 15 million gallons (MG) of raw sewage into a lake that is beside the city. Table 12.13 shows the total costs (TC) in thousands of dollars of cleaning up the sewage to different levels, together with the total benefits (TB) of doing so. Benefits include environmental, recreational, health, and industrial benefits. Using the information in Table 12.13 calculate the marginal costs and marginal benefits of reducing sewage emissions for this City. What is the optimal level of sewage for this city? How can you tell?Market-based environmental policy instruments (e.g., carbon tax or tradeable permits) arecentral to national strategies aiming to mitigate environmental degradation. Choose carbon tax as your market-based environmental policy instrument.ii. Provide a formal (algebraic) evaluation of carbon tax's cost-effectiveness.Under emission standards, the amount of compliance cost faced by a polluter is ___________________________? The total abatement costs Zero The sum of the compensation and abatement costs The compensation based on damages caused by the polluter
- Draw a diagram of the marginal abatement cost curve described by: MAC = 100 - 2E. What is the uncontrolled level of emissions? What is the marginal abatement cost of the 40thunit of abatement? What is the total abatement cost of 40 units of abatement?Three neighboring towns – Marshland, Dampland, and Wetland – all border the same lake. The lake frequently floods causing damage to property in all three towns. Each town would benefit from flood mitigation, but the level of benefits differs. With Z representing the level of mitigation: for Marshland, MB = 3 – Z for Dampland, MB = 4 – 2Z for Wetland, MB = 11- Z The marginal cost of flood mitigation is MC = 2 + 12Z Questions: ***Please Note*** Previous Expert Calculated: Z = 16/3 as the Solution to (a) Math Solver Calculates: Z = 1 ***Please Resolve*** (a) What is the socially optimal level of Z? (b) What would each individual town be willing to pay for this level of flood mitigation? (c) The representative from Wetland proposes that each town pay an equal share for the optimal level of flood mitigation. Would…A company's marginal costs for emission reduction (MAC) can be expressed as MAC = 2A, where A is abatement in tonnes. MAC is expressed in USD. Assume that the company's total emissions inthe starting position is 100 tons. a) Assume that the authorities now decide on a limit value which means that the company may not emit more than 30 tonnes. What is the total cost for the company to live up to this limit? b) A research team consisting of both ecologists and economists concludes that the marginal benefit (per tonne) of reducing emissions is constant and equal to USD 100. How high is the socio-economically optimal level of emissions (for the individual company) given thisinformation? c) Assume that a system for trading in emission rights is established. The company in question is allocated 30 emission rights (where each right corresponds to one tonne). If the price of emission rights is USD 120 (per tonne), will the company be a buyer or a seller of emission rights and if so, how many…
- Suppose we are interested in reducing the carbon footprint associated with heating/cooling buildings oncampus. The functions below describe marginal costs ofCO2abatement (expressed as a function of pollution)for two buildings on the Hendrix College campus. These are hypothetical but are influenced by buildingcharacteristics like age, size, and types of usage. (This information is used for questions 1-4) MCMills = 100−10xM MCSLTC = 75−2.5xS 1. If the College pursued its abatement target by directing each building manager to cut emissions in halffor their respective building, what is the total cost of abatement? 2. If the abatement were pursued with an on-campus carbon tax of$30, would there be the same level ofabatement? Show your work and/or explain. 3. If the goal of the college is to meet the abatement target from question 1, what is the appropriate taxrate? 4. If the appropriate tax rate is used (answer from Q3), how much money can be saved compared to thecommand & control…Suppose we are interested in reducing the carbon footprint associated with heating/cooling buildings oncampus. The functions below describe marginal costs ofCO2abatement (expressed as a function of pollution)for two buildings on the Hendrix College campus. These are hypothetical but are influenced by buildingcharacteristics like age, size, and types of usage. M CMills= 100−10xM M CSLT C= 75−2.5xS If the abatement were pursued with an on-campus carbon tax of$30, would there be the same level ofabatement? Show your work and/or explain.The marginal damage cost equation for carbon monoxide (CO) in urban areas is: MDCU = 36E; The marginal damage cost equation for CO in rural areas is: MDCR = 6E.The marginal abatement cost equation for CO is: MAC = 400 - 4E What are the socially efficient individual standards for carbon monoxide? What is the total abatement cost in each area under this scheme? What is the total compliance cost under this scheme?
- Suppose the aggregate MAC function is 100 - 20W and aggregate MD = 5W for a polluting industry. 1. Suppose an emissions standard is being considered to achieve the socially optimal emissions level. What would be the total costs that the polluting industry avoids if the regulator decided not to regulate the firm and leave the market as is? A. 0 B. 150 C. 50 D. 10 2. What would the polluting industry's total abatement costs equal if it faced an emissions tax rate equal to 20 dollars per unit emitted? A. 60 B. 20 C. 10 D. 0Show all work. Draw graphs to explain your answers. The correct answers will include areas on the graph and dollar values. Suppose a chemical factory discharges waste products into a river resulting in significant damages to a local fishery. The marginal damage to the fishery (measured in terms of the value of lost fish stocks) is represented by the equation:MDC = 10E The chemical factory can reduce its effluent flows by treating its waste products. Its marginal abatement cost (MAC) function is given by the equation: MAC = 1,200 - 5E. What level of emissions will occur if the chemical factory is not regulated? What would the total abatement costs for the chemical factory be if emissions are controlled and reduced to zero? If no liability laws are in place, what damages will the chemical factory inflict on the fishery? (Hint: find TDC) If the government puts in place a liability law that requires the chemical factory to compensate the fishery for the damages it causes,…Suppose the aggregate MAC function is 100 - 20W and aggregate MD = 5W for a polluting industry. What would the polluting industry's total abatement costs equal if it faced an emissions tax rate equal to 20 dollars per unit emitted? A. 60 B. 20 C. 10 D. 0
