The amino acid sequences of the core histones are highly conserved between plants and animals. Propose a hypothesis to explain this finding.

Q: If you were to compare the amino acid sequences of histone proteins across several distantly-related…

A: The histone proteins highly basic protein found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. They play a…

Q: Certain repeated sequences in eukaryotes are flanked by short direct repeats, suggesting that they…

A: DNA is the genetic material in most living organisms. It is the information hub of the cell that…

Q: Discuss the roles of histones in eukaryotic transcription. How might histones inhibit transcription,…

A: Histones are proteins that gather and design the DNA of eukaryotic cell cores into units called…

Q: Explain how nucleic acid information is translated into aminoacid sequence and define the role of…

A: The fundamental process of protein synthesis is the formation of a peptide bond between the carboxyl…

Q: Since among the 64 codons of mRNA 61 codify amino acids that form polypeptide chains what are the…

A: The function of the other codons is stop codon i-e to stop the translation.

Q: Which statement is FALSE? Group of answer choices   Histones are very conserved at the primary…

A: 2nd statementis false. H1 doesn't contain histone fold domain. H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 have HFD

Q: Explain why the O2′-methylation of ribose residues protects rRNA from RNases.

A: 2'-OH-methylation is a common nucleoside modification of RNA, where a methyl group is added to the…

Q: Some mitochondria use a second codon, in addition to AUG, to specify Met. Which codon(s) is (are)…

A: A codon refers to a specific sequence of deoxy ribonucleotide (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA), which…

Q: Which peptide is the least likely to be made on the ribosome and why?

A: Ribosomes are composed of two subunits, the large and the small subunit, both of which consist of…

Q: Given this MRNA strand: 3 - AUGAGGAAGGUA - 5"; what are the components of the polypeptide?

A: The polypeptide is formed by decoding the triplet codons using the codon table given.  The mRNA…

Q: Some DNA nucleotides are located within the coding regions of genes, where they specify the amino…

A: When transcription activator proteins bind to the regulatory promoter sequences of gene, they…

Q: Explain the genetic advantage for the codon 5'-AAG-3' to code lysine and the codon 5'-AGG-3' to code…

A: Introduction Any of the 64 distinct DNA sequences of three consecutive nucleotides that either…

Q: Given this mRNA strand: 3’ -   AUGAGGAAGGUA   - 5’; what are the components of the polypeptide?

A: Translation is the process in which the genetic message carried by mRNA from the DNA is converted in…

Q: Remembering that the wobble base of the tRNA is the5′ base of the anticodon:a. In human tRNAs, what…

A: The anticodon of transfer ribonucleic acid is used for carrying the amino acids from the amino acid…

Q: Explain, and draw a diagram to show, how acetylation or phosphorylation could change the binding…

A: In eukaryotic organisms, the DNA wrap around the histone proteins to form a packaged structure…

Q: The protein Xpot transports tRNAs out of the nucleus so that they can be aminoacylated in the…

A: tRNA or transfer RNA is the RNA molecule that attaches to an amino acid as per the anticodon…

Q: A protein domain that recognizes 5-methylcytosine in the context of double-stranded DNA has been…

A: SET and RING-finger-associated (SRA) domain is involved in establishment and maintenance of DNA…

Q: The genetic code is both universal and degenerate. Explain how these aspects are an advantage, but…

A: Proteins are made up of amino acids encoded by codons. Each codon consist of three nucleotide which…

Q: Using three examples, describe how allosteric sites are important in the function of genetic…

A: Enzymes are proteinaceous catalysts that are genetically encoded by the cell often present with…

Q: Which anticodon would you predict for a tRNA speciescarrying isoleucine? Is there more than one…

A: A codon can be defined as the three-nucleotide sequence present on the DNA or RNA which codes for…

Q: A hypothetical tripeptide Leu-Leu-Leu could be synthesized by the cell. What three different base…

A: Nucleic acids are made up of nucleotides. Ribonucleic acid and Deoxyribonucleic acid are polymers…

Q: The A+T: G+C ratios in DNA of cattle and rat are very similar. Would you expect the tRNA, rRnas, and…

A: Chargaff's rules state that DNA from any species of any organism should have a 1:1 protein…

Q: Although the RBS (Ribosome-Binding Site) sequences vary considerably in different genes, they…

A: A ribosome binding site (RBS) is a sequence of nucleotides located upstream of the start codon of an…

Q: Some eukaryotic mRNAs have an AU-rich element in the 3′ untranslated region. What would be the…

A: The 3’ UTR is the untranslated region in the mRNA that follows the termination codon of translation.…

Q: EF-Tu, a member of the G-protein family, plays a crucial role in the elongation process of…

A: Protein synthesis is a process through which genes in the DNA are transcribed into mRNA and through…

Q: A nonsense mutation (a) causes one amino acid to be substituted for another in a polypeptide chain…

A: A nonsense mutation is defined as the process of the substitution of only a single base pair. This…

Q: Although Ribosome binding site sequence vary considerably in different genes, they include examples…

A: Ribosome binding site (RBS) includes a sequence of nucleotide, which are present upstream the…

Q: At least one nonsense suppressing tRNA is knownthat can suppress more than one type of…

A: tRNA is a transfer ribonucleic acid. It is a type of RNA which decodes the messenger RNA and form a…

Q: If a new isolated protein called STICKY and this STICKY protein contains a bHLH domain. Now, how we…

A: Protein motifs are the distinct conserved small polypeptide sequence in proteins. These super…

Q: The genetic code is thought to have evolved to maximize genetic stability by minimizing the effect…

A: Mutation is the alteration in the genome sequence. It can occur in the genetic code of eukaryotes,…

Q: Do you think that the alternate splicing of exons may enable a structural gene to code for several…

A: Alternative splicing is a basic regulatory process of gene expression. This process is very…

Q: Most proteins have more leucine than histidine residues, but more histidine than tryptophan…

A: A genetic code is a set of three nucleotides.

Q: EF-Tu, a member of the G-protein family, plays acrucial role in the elongation process of…

A: Translation or protein synthesis is the process by which the genetic information from DNA is passed…

Q: Which of the following are elongation factors involved in the attachment of new aminoacyl-tRNAs?…

A: During translation protein synthesis occurs from RNA. The sequence of nucleotides in RNA act as code…

Q: Examination of the histone modifications of a gene reveals an abundance of histone H3 with lysine 27…

A: This gene is likely activated since the mono-methylation of the lysine residue at position 27 in…

Q: Describe how the base pairing between the Shine–Dalgarno sequence and the 30S subunit provides a…

A: The translation represents the process of protein synthesis by which the base sequence of the mRNA…

Q: A. What amino acid sequence is encoded by the codon sequence AUAAUGGUAACGGUU? B. Suppose the codon…

A: DNA is the carrier of genetic information in almost all organisms except certain RNA viruses such as…

Q: The mRNA sequence 5' AUG AAA CAG GGA UAA 3' encodes a particular peptide of interest to your…

A: Gene is the segment of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) that is responsible for heredity and inheritance…

Q: There may be positive selection on introns if they are adapted to retaining specific stem-loop…

A: Introduction A nucleotide sequence within a gene which is excised out or removed during process…

Q: . What is the minumum number of tRNA molecules that a cell must contain in order to translate all 61…

A: The three consecutive nucleotides on messenger ribonucleic acid from codon. The codon sequence…

Q: The a chain of eukaryotic hemoglobin is composed of 141 amino acids. What is the minimum number of…

A: There is an intimate connection between genes and synthesis of polypeptides or enzymes. Genes are…

Q: An alanine residue exists at position 180 of a certain plant protein. If the codon specifying…

A: Substitution Replacement of one Nitrogenous base by another Nitrogenous base is called as…

Q: identify all the amino acid-specifying codons in thegenetic code where a point mutation (a single…

A: The mutation is sudden change occurs in genetic material. It can be due to ultra-violet rays,…

Q: A cell has a defective enzyme that attaches the alanine amino acid (Ala), instead of a valine amino…

A: The mRNA (messenger RNA) contain genetic code on that must be translated into polypeptide chain with…

Q: The unfinished peptide fMet-Arg-Ser-Tyr-Gln-Cys-Pro is held in the P-site of the 70S ribosomal…

A: As each consecutive complex of amino acid-tRNA attaches to the ribosome's A site, one GTP is…

Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.