The E. coli chromosome is 1.28 mm long. Under optimal conditionsthe chromosome is replicated in 40 minutes.(a) What is the distance traversed by one replication fork in 1 minute?(b) If replicating DNA is in the B form (10.4 base pairs per turn),how many nucleotides are incorporated in 1 minute in one replica-tion fork?(c) If cultured human cells (such as Hela cells) replicate 1.2 m ofDNA during a 5-hour S phase and at a rate of fork movement one-tenth of that seen in E. coli, how many origins of replication mustthe cells contain?(d) What is the average distance, in kilobase pairs, between theseorigins?

Chromosomes are thread-lik structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells.

Answered: The E. coli chromosome is 1.28 mm long.…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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The chromosome of E. coli contains 4.6 million bp. How long will it take to replicate its DNA? Assuming that DNA polymerase III is the primary enzyme involved and that it can actively proofread during DNA synthesis, how many base pair mistakes will be made in one round of DNA replication in a bacterial population containing 1000 bacteria?
When DNA replication was investigated by using heavy, N15 DNA to mark the original molecules, and light, N14 DNA to mark the newly synthesized molecules, one band was found in the middle of the centrifuge column after one round of replication, and two bands were found (middle and top of column) after 2 rounds of replication. Imagine that after 1 round of replication 2 bands were found, one at the bottom and one at the top of the centrifuge column. In that case, what model of DNA replication would have been supported? The dispersive model The conservative model The Franklin model The semi-conservative model
Approximately how many high-energy bonds does DNA polymerase use to replicate a bacterial chromosome (ignoring helicase and other enzymes associated with the replication fork)? compared with its own dry weight of 10–12 g, how much glucose does a single bacterium need to provide enough energy to copy its DNA once?
A circular molecule of DNA contains 1 million base pairs. If the rate of DNA synthesis at a replication fork is 100,000 nucleotides per minute, how much time will theta replication require to completely replicate the molecule, assuming that theta replication is bidirectional? How long will replication of this circular chromosome by rolling-circle replication take? Ignore replication of the displaced strand in rolling-circle replication.
The Meselson-Stahl experiment provided strong evidence that DNA replication was conservative, by alternately growing bacteria in medium with heavy 15N and light 14N. If DNA replication were dispersive, what result would Meselson and Stahl have observed after the first round of DNA replication in light nitrogen? Group of answer choices Two bands, one at the location for pure 15N and one at the location for pure 14N. One band, located half way between the locations for pure 15N and pure 14N. Two bands, one at the location for pure 15N and one located halfway between the locations for pure 15N and pure 14N. None of these Three bands, one at the location for pure 15N, one at the location for pure 14N, and one at a location halfway between.
Using 14N isotope medium for DNA replication instead of 15N, what would be observed ifDNA replication were conservative in one cycle of replication/in three cycles? How aboutdispersive replication in one cycle, in three cycles?
If one of the DNA strands being replicated “reads” CGAATG, what will be the base sequence of the corresponding DNA strand?
Suppose that 28% of the nucleotides in a DNA moleculeare deoxythymidine 5′- monophosphate, and that duringDNA replication the percentage amounts of availablenucleotide bases are 22% A, 22% C, 28% G, and 28% T.Which base would be depleted first in the replicationprocess?
Consider the experiment conducted by Meselson and Stahl in which they used 14N and 15N in cultures of E. coli and equilibrium density gradient centrifugation. Draw pictures to represent the bands produced by bacterial DNA in the centrifuge tube before the switch to medium containing 14N and after one, two, and three rounds of replication in that medium. Use separate sets of drawings to show the bands that would appear if replication were (a) semiconservative; (b) conservative; (c) dispersive.
You decide to repeat the Meselson-Stahl experiment, except this time you plan to grow the E. coli cells on light 14N medium for many generations and then transfer them to heavy 15N medium and allow them to grow for 2 additional generations (2 rounds of DNA replication). If the conservative model of DNA replication was correct, what is the expected distribution of DNA in the density gradient after two rounds of replication? Multiple Choice One band of intermediate density. One band of light density. One band of heavy density. One band of light density and one band of heavy density. One band of light density and one band of intermediate density.
In terms of the new DNA strands that are generated, what are the differences between replication and conventional polymerase chain reaction?
You decide to repeat the Meselson-Stahl experiment, except this time you plan to grow the E. coli cells on light 14N medium for many generations and then transfer them to heavy 15N medium and allow them to grow for 2 additional generations (2 rounds of DNA replication). If the conservative model of DNA replication was correct, what is the expected distribution of DNA in the density gradient after two rounds of replication?

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