THE MECHANISM OF DNA REPLICATION Arthur Kornberg, a Nobel prize winner and other biochemists deduced steps of replication • Initiation • Proteins bind to DNA and open up double helix • Prepare DNA for complementary base pairing • Elongation • Proteins connect the correct sequences of nucleotides into a continuous new strand of DNA Termination • Proteins release the replication complex

THE MECHANISM OF DNA REPLICATION Arthur Kornberg, a Nobel prize winner and other biochemists deduced steps of replication • Initiation • Proteins bind to DNA and open up double helix • Prepare DNA for complementary base pairing • Elongation • Proteins connect the correct sequences of nucleotides into a continuous new strand of DNA Termination • Proteins release the replication complex

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter11: Genome Alterations: Mutation And Epigenetics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 18QP: Replication involves a period of time during which DNA is particularly susceptible to the...

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How does DNA replication occur in a precise manner to ensure that identical genetic information is put into the new chromatid? See Figures 8.12 and 8.13. FIGURE 8.12 In DNA replication, the two polynucleotide strands uncoil, and each is a template for synthesizing a new strand. A replicated DNA molecule contains one new strand and one old strand. This mechanism is called semiconservative replication. FIGURE 8.13 A close-up look at the process of DNA replication. (a) As the strands uncoil, bases are added to the newly synthesized strand by complementary base pairing with bases in the template strand. The new bases are linked together by DNA polymerase. (b) DNA synthesis can proceed only in the 5 3 direction; newly synthesized DNA on one template strand is made in short segments and linked together by the enzyme DNA ligase.
Replication involves a period of time during which DNA is particularly susceptible to the introduction of mutations. If nucleotides can be incorporated into DNA at a rate of 20 nucleotides/second and the human genome contains 3 billion nucleotides, how long will replication take? How is this time reduced so that replication can take place in a few hours?
In what order does initiation of DNA replication proceed (from 1 = first to 4 = last)? DNA polymerase adds nucleotides DNA unwinds at the origin of replication Primase synthesizes RNA primers Helicase opens up replication forks, which extend in both directions
Which of the following statements about DNA replication is INCORRECT? It is powered bythe hydrolysis of ATP. Each strand withinthe DNA double helix is used as a template for synthesis of a new strand. It requires that both strands of the double helix be separated from each other. It proceeds withthe addition of new nucleotides to the 3′ end of a growing DNA strand. It begins atmultiple origins of replication sites along eukaryotic chromosomes.
Which of the following replication proteins is incorrectly paired with it’s function? DNA polymerase - adds nucleotides to the growing strand Single stranded binding proteins - hold the DNA strands apart while they are being replicated Ligase - enhances separation of DNA strands Topoisomerase - relieves torsional stress due to unwinding by the DNA Primase - synthesizes a short RNA sequence to initiate replication
Which of the following statements about replication is false? The proofreading function of DNA polymerases involves 3’ 5’ exonuclease activity. Origins of replication are rich in G-C nucleotide pairs. A characteristic of aging cells is that telomeres become shorter. The lagging strand is synthesized in the opposite direction as the movement of the replication fork. DNA polymerase is more accurate that RNA polymerase.
Which of the following statements about the DNA replication is false? a. Synthesis of the new DNA strands is form 39 to 59 b.Synthesis of the new DNA strands is from 59 to 39 c. DNA Unwinds, primase adds RNA primer, DNA polymerases synthesize the new strand and remove the RNA primer d. Many initiation points exist in each eukaryotic chromosome. e. Okazaki fragments are synthesized in the opposite direction from the direction in which the replication for moves.
Which of the following statements about DNA replication is FALSE? Select one: Unwinding of the DNA molecule occurs as hydrogen bonds break. The new strand of DNA is synthesized from 5’ to 3’ direction. Replication occurs as each base is paired with the same base. In eukaryotes, replication can occur at numerous replication bubbles, each with two forks.
atthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl performed an experiment using heavy isotopes and bacteria to determine which model DNA follows to replicate. Their results are evidence supporting which DNA replication model below? a. The parent DNA molecule is broken into its singular nucleotides from which new nucleotides are copied and then all nucleotides to come back together as one larger DNA molecule. b. The parent DNA strands re-associate after acting as replication templates, forming one molecule of parental DNA and one molecule of daughter DNA. c. The parent DNA is mixed into each of the daughter strands such that both daughter molecules contain a mix of parental and new DNA in each complementary strand. d. The parent DNA strands separate and act as templates for new strands to build onto, such that each resulting molecule is a hybrid of 1 parental strand and 1 daughter strand.
Which of the following statements are TRUE?I. DNA replication is a semiconservative process wherein the two resulting double helices consist of one new strand and one parental strand.II. The DNA strand that is used to make a complementary daughter strand is called the parental strand.III. The precursor of each new nucleotide in the DNA strand is a deoxynucleoside 3′-triphosphate.IV. The incoming nucleotide always attaches to 5′-phosphate of the previously added nucleotide
Which of the following statements are TRUE?I. DNA replication is a semiconservative process wherein the two resulting double helices consist of one new strand and one parental strand.II. The DNA strand that is used to make a complementary daughter strand is called the parental strand.III. The precursor of each new nucleotide in the DNA strand is a deoxynucleoside 3′-triphosphate.IV. The incoming nucleotide always attaches to 5′-phosphate of the previously added nucleotide a. I only b. II only c. I and IV d. III and IV
Which of the following steps in DNA replication would occur second? 1.DNA molecule separates into two template strands.2.Complimentary nucleotides are added to each template strand.3.DNA molecule unwinds.4.Two DNA molecules, each with a template strand and a new strand, are formed.