Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
The site of transcription initiation is the
promoter.
sigma factor.
start codon.
origin of replication.
The gene expression involves transcription as its first step. This step involves the formation of RNA by copying sequence from the DNA. This step is performed by RNA polymerase enzyme and joins the nucleotides thereby forming RNA strands. The steps in this process are initiation, elongation, and termination.
The RNA polymerase binds with the promoter in the DNA. The promoter region is the site that helps the polymerase to bind and also certain other helper proteins. After the formation of the transcription bubble, polymerase starts to transcribe. The length of the RNA strand is increased in the elongation step. The stop signals halt the further process and terminate the process of transcription.
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