the structures of chymotrypsin and other serine proteases revealed that the active sites of these enzymes shared a particular sterochemicalarrangement of residues crucial to their activity. This came to be known as the catalytic triad, as it consisted of the oponyomous serine (Ser)residue, along with a histidine (His) and an aspartate (Asp) residue. Which of the following would result in the greatest decrease in function of thecatalytic triad found in serine proteases?O Mutation to Ser, Cys, AspO Mutation to Ser, His, AspO Mutation to Cys, His, AspO Mutation to Ser, His, Glu

Chymotrypsin and trypsin are examples of serine proteases. Chymotrypsin cleaves the peptides of…

Answered: the structures of chymotrypsin and…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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PLP is a cofactor for a number of enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism. Give an example of reaction in which PLP participates in cleavage of the a, b, and c bonds of an amino acid, as diagrammed in shown Fig.
The M and H subunits of lactate dehydrogenase have very similar sizes and shapes but differ in amino acidcomposition. If the only difference between the two were that theH subunit had a glutamic acid in a position where the M subunithad a serine, how would the five isozymes of LDH separate on electrophoresis using a gel at pH 8.6?
An enzyme that catalyzes disulfide– sulfhydryl exchange reactions, called protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), has been isolated. PDI rapidly converts inactive scrambled ribonuclease into enzymatically active ribonuclease. In contrast, insulin is rapidly inactivated by PDI. What does this important observation imply about the relation between the amino acid sequence of insulin and its threedimensional structure?
Orotic aciduria is a rare hereditary disorder due to deficient orotate phosphoribosyltransferase and orotidine-5'-decarboxylase activities that are encoded by Uridylate (UMP) synthetase gene in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. The characteristic of this disorder is excessive excretion of orotic acid in urine. A mutation of UMP synthetase gene has been identified as R96G (at amino acid position 96, Arginine is changed to Glycine). In orotic aciduria, predict the consequences of deficient UMP synthetase by identifying which downstream enzyme missing its action. One of important molecules to be derived from pyrimidine biosynthesis is deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) for DNA replication and repair. How is dCTP synthesized, include what enzymes and important intermediates in the pathway? 3. As thymidine triphosphate (dTTP) is needed for DNA replication and repair, what enzymes and intermediates are required to get dTTP
Lysozyme is an enzyme that hydrolyzes bacterial cell wall polysaccharides. When this reaction is carried out in the presence of H218O, it is observed that there is retention of configuration at the C1 carbon of the D site sugar as shown below: Would this result suggest that the enzyme mechanism involves the direct nucleophilic attack of water at C1 or that the enzyme mechanism involves attack by a nucleophilic amino acid side chain of the enzyme that generates a transient covalent intermediate?
The active site of an enzyme has the following amino acid residues as critical mediators of catalysis: Ser-134, His-347, Tyr-121 and Glu - 406. What are the most likely specific mechanisms of catalysis by these amino acid residues?
Based on your understanding of the structure and function of the enzyme chymotrypsin, explain why proteolytic activation by Trypsin in the intestine is required for chymotrypsin to bind its substrates with high affinity. Your answer should include a description of the amino acid residue or residues involved AND a kinetic experiment that suggested this.
Neuraminidase (NA) catalyzes a hydrolysis of the glycosidic linkages of sialic acids using a mechanism shown in Fig. (a). and Fig. (b) shows competitive inhibitors of NA Considering the mechanism of NA, why do zanamivir and oseltamivir inhibit NA so potently?
In the serine protease triad, the proximity of an aspartatecarboxylate group to the imidazole group of histidine raisesthe latter’s pKa. Explain.
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes bind the organic compound UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GA) in order to catalyse the transfer of a glucuronic acid group from UDP-GA to a drug molecule, releasing UDP from the active site as a product. UDP is then regenerated by the activity of another enzyme. What terms could be used to describe UDP-GA?
2-carboxyarabinitol-1,5-bisphosphate (CABP) is an inhibitor of the enzyme rubisco. Among A, B, C, D, and E, which pathway would this affect most?
Bovine chymotrypsin is a serine protease. The enzyme is structurally stable over the pH range of 4.0 – 10.0. It exhibits optimum protease activity in the pH range of 7.5 – 9.0, but its protease activity is strongly inhibited at pH < 6.0. Based on your knowledge of serine protease mechanisms, how would you explain this effect of pH on chymotrypsin’s mechanism of catalysis?

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