Two siblings born years apart were separately diagnosed with pyruvate carboxylase deficiency. Both neonates died less than a month after they were born. Blood samples taken before the death of the infants showed a high concentration of ketone bodies in the blood. Explain why the ketone body concentration was elevated.

Q: If glutamate were labeled with C-14 at the delta-carbon and added via transamination to the citric…

A: Citric Acid Cycle:   is the cyclic metabolic pathway for the oxidation of various intermediates…

Q: In the human body, under oxygen rich and oxygen poor conditions, respectively, pyruvate is converted…

A: Pyruvate has different fates under oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor conditions.

Q: If a person is starving for a prolonged time, an excessive build up of Acetyl CoA ultimately leads…

A: Acetyl Co-A can be synthesized during starvation from either amino acids or fatty acids. The end…

Q: Which of the following enzyme catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate? O a) Pyruvate…

A: Proper anaerobic conditions allow lactate to be produced from pyruvate. In the aerobic conditions,…

Q: True or false Ketone body synthesis requires transportation of acetyl-CoA through the inner…

A: Acetone, acetoacetate and 3 beta hydroxybutyrate are known as ketone bodies. They are produced from…

Q: After several days of starvation, the capacity of the liver to metabolize acetyl-CoA via the citric…

A: The citric acid cycle is involved in cell respiration and produces NADH and FADH2 for the electron…

Q: /on Gierke's disease is a glycogen storage disease that results from the absence of…

A: Glucose-6-phosphatase converts glucose-6-phosphate to glucose. Absence of glucose-6-phosphatase…

Q: Glycolysis reaction produces a molecule of Acetyl CoA. True or False?

A: Cellular respiration is that the process by which organisms mix oxygen with food molecules,…

Q: you follow a carbohydrate-free diet, certain metabolic problems occur. Describe glucogenesis and the…

A: Glucogenesis is the formation of glucose within an animal body from any product of glycolysis.…

Q: Before any oxidation can occur in the citric acid cycle, citrate must be isomerized into isocitrate.…

A: Glucose is broken down to form two molecules of pyruvate along with two ATP and two NADH molecules…

Q: The glycerol derived from lipolysis of triacylglycerols is converted into glyceraldehyde…

A: Glycolysis is considered as a process in which glucose is converted into pyruvate molecule.

Q: Which enzymes of the citric acid cycle are missing from the glyoxylate cycle?

A: The glyoxylate cycle utilizes five of the eight enzymes associated with the tricarboxylic acid…

Q: . How would the rapid accumulation of succinyl-CoA affect the rate of glucose oxidation?

A: Cellular Respiration is the oxidative process through which energy is obtained from the food. The…

Q: Which of these statements about lactate dehydrogenase is true? a.It is a protein. b.It oxidizes…

A: Lactate dehydrogenase consist of various isoforms.

Q: Enzyme involved in the synthesis of the compound forming bile salts and stero hormones Acetyl CoA…

A: The 7α-hydroxylase cholesterol (CYP 7A1) is the key enzyme in the catabolic pathway that determines…

Q: How many NADH and FADH2 will be produced when this fatty acid is completely metabolized?

A: Fatty acid is the product of breakdown of triglycerides and lipids, and now this fatty acid undergo…

Q: What impact would an increase in intramitochondrial oxaloacetate have on fatty acid synthesis?…

A: Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with long hydrocarbon chains. Fatty acids undergo β oxidation when…

Q: People with beriberi, a disease caused by thiamine deficiency, have elevated levels of blood…

A: Pyruvate dehydrogenase is the enzyme responsible for converting pyruvate into acetyl CoA during the…

Q: Pyruvate is an important intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. Which of the following is true…

A: Glycolysis is the enzymatic breakdown of a carbohydrate such as glucose by way of phosphate…

Q: Elevated liver NADH levels favors gluconeogenesis. Explain this statement?

A: Gluconeogenesis is rather literally translated as 'new glucose synthesis'. It is a metabolic process…

Q: When the ketone bodies are utilized for energy production at the target tissues, they are converted…

A: The ketone bodies are first formed in the liver and are then exported to other organs as fuel.…

Q: Why is pyruvate referred to as the hub of glucose oxidation?

A: Glycolysis is the oxidation of glucose to produce carbon dioxide and water. Pyruvate is the…

Q: A trequently found genetic disease is mutation in the medium chain acylCoA dehydrogenase. This leads…

A: Beta-oxidation is oxidation of fatty acid on the beta carbon. Medium chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase…

Q: How would the rapid accumulation of succinyl-CoA affect the rate of glucose oxidation?

A: Cellular Respiration is the oxidative process through which energy is obtained from the food. The…

Q: Explain How arsenic affects the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction

A: Pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction is a reaction in which pyruvate is converted into acetyl-CoA.

Q: The disease beriberi, which results from a dietary deficiency of vitamin B1 (thiamine), is…

A: Macronutrients and micronutrients are two different types of nutrition. Macronutrients include the…

Q: Oxidation of pyruvate is completed in the Cytoplasm of mitochondrion with the presence of

A: Aerobic cellular respiration is the process in which complex organic compounds are broken down with…

Q: Under severe starvation conditions, affected individuals develop “acetone breath.” Explain.

A: Acetone breath : It is type of ketone, and it is the same fruity-smelling substance used in nail…

Q: Only the carbon skeleton of amino acids is used in gluconeogenesis but not fatty acids. How can…

A: Fatty acid oxidation is defined as the metabolic pathway or cycle in which the fats are metabolized…

Q: Which of the following is NOT a fate of pyruvate in metabolism? . Conversion to alanine as its…

A: Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis that occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. Pyruvate…

Q: How does pyruvate from glycolysis get to the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?

A: Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex : It is a complex of three enzymes that converts pyruvate into…

Q: fatty acid breakdown generates a large amount of acetyl CoA. What will be the effect of fatty acid…

A: The oxidation of fatty acids and glucose provides a huge amount of ATP. The amount of energy…

Q: Explain the difference of carbohydrate (glycolysis) from lipid (β-oxidation) metabolism in terms of…

A: It is asked to explain the difference of carbohydrate (glycolysis) from lipid (β-oxidation)…

Q: The citric acid cycle operates only when O2 is present, yet O2 is not a substrate for the cycle.…

A: The citric acid cycle also referred to as the Krebs cycle or TCA (Tricarboxylic acid cycle) is a…

Q: Which of the following enzymes possesses a catalytic mechanism extremely similar to that of the…

A: The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex resembles the alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. The…

Q: Which citric acid cycle enzyme utilizes a similar reaction mechanism to pyruvate dehydrogenase? O…

A: Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up the rate of biochemical reactions by lowering the…

Q: Explain how excessive ketone bodies may form in the following: During starvation In patients with…

A: Ketone bodies are the water-soluble molecules containing the ketone group that are produced by the…

Q: In gluconeogenesis, only the carbon skeletons of amino acids, not fatty acids, are utilised. So how…

A: The metabolic process or cycle in which lipids are digested or broken down to release or create…

Q: Three metabolites that can result from the breakdown of the carbon skeleton of amino acids are…

A: Amino acid catabolism is a part of the whole body catabolism. Nitrogen enters the body in a variety…

Q: Which steps of glycolysis are irreversible? What bearing does this observation have on the reactions…

A: Glycolysis is a catabolic process that involves the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate whereas…

Q: The heart cannot convert lactate back to glucose, as the liver does, but instead uses it as a fuel.…

A: Aerobic respiration splits into three main phases, including glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and ETS…

Q: When blood [glucose] is high and a cell’s energy needs are met, insulin stimulates glycogen…

A: The hormone created by the pancreas includes insulin. It functions to regulate the blood sugar…