What is the role of gp 120 for HIV?

Q: What are tumor-specific transplantation antigens (TSTAS)?

A: Antigens - Antigens are defined as the molecules which are capable of causing immunogenicity and…

Q: What is HAART in the treatment of HIV infection? What are the targets of the drugs that are…

A: HIV( human immunodeficiency virus) causes AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) in humans. It is…

Q: What are the two proteins/factors produced by cytotoxic - T cells to kill a virally-infected cell-

A: Introduction : It is type of immune cell which  kill certain cells, including foreign cells,…

Q: 33. Give a brief explanation of clonal selection and expansion

A: Clonal selection is a process proposed to explain how a single B or T cell that recogonizes an…

Q: What are side effects most common to immunosuppressive therapy? Why there is a high risk of…

A: The type of drugs or medicines that suppresses the strength of the body's immune system is referred…

Q: What are drug-resistance gene?

A: Antibiotics are agents or medications used to prevent infections caused by microorganisms. It works…

Q: Apart from iron, which other cation has a clinically significant binding with transferrin?

A: A positively charged ion is called the cation. While the negatively charged are termed as the…

Q: what are the facilated transport system for drug absorption?

A: Facilitated transport is a special kind of passive diffusion of molecules across the plasma membrane…

Q: What is the action mechanism of the antiretroviral drugs called protease inhibitors which are used…

A: A number of antiretroviral agents are used to treat HIV, although no complete cure for the disease…

Q: Describe the Function of type I interferon in preventing viral replication?

A: Immunity can be defined as the ability of an organism to fight against infections caused by a…

Q: which types of cells do myeloid stem cells differentiate?

A: The stem cells that lead to other blood cells are known as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the…

Q: What is the function of COP II in cells?

A: Membrane trafficking causes the movement of various macromolecules, enclosed in membrane-bound…

Q: What is a major mechanism by which HIV damages the immune system in AIDS?

A: Viruses can spread through various agents such as air, water, direct contact, and by other means.…

Q: What is T-cell receptor (TCR) ? How it works ?

A: Immunity is the capability of the body to fight against foreign attack and maintain the persistence…

Q: What does MHC-restricted mean?

A: The antigen is known as any substance that is responsible for causing our immune system to produce…

Q: What are the attributes of immunoglobulins produced by multiple myeloma.  Do they help the immune…

A:

Q: Why is the use of first-generation H1-antihistamines discouraged in clinical practice today?

A: H1 antihistamines are the anti allergens prescribed in the treatment of allergic symptoms such as…

Q: How is AZT a competitive inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase?

A: A vital early stage in the HIV life cycle is the reverse transcription of the viral RNA genome into…

Q: Can host-cell defense molecules be mobilized by drugs to fight infection?

A: Defense mechanism in a human body is divided into two main categories: Innate (the defense mechanism…

Q: How does thrombin catalyze the formation of loose fibrin and help in the activation of factor XIII?

A: In physiology, factor XIII is defined as the "firing stabilizing factor" which is known as zymogen…

Q: How is the gp120 protein important to HIV and its ability to confound the immune system?

A: Envelope glycoprotein GP120 is a glycoprotein exposed on the surface of the HIV envelope.

Q: What does the presence of drumstick on the nucleus of a neutrophil indicate?

A: neutrophils are the important part of white blood cells and they help in warding off the infections.

Q: Why are MHC proteins so highly variable?

A: Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are a group of genes that code for proteins found on the…

Q: What are CD4 lymphocytes?What is the relationshipbetween these cells and HIV?How does HIV replicate?

A: INTRODUCTION:- CD4 cells are white blood cells called T lymphocytes or T cells. These cells plays…

Q: What is the strategy in drug design to fight AIDS?

A: AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is caused by the human immunodeficiency (HIV) virus. It…

Q: How does a single MHC protein present many differentpeptides to T cells?

A: To identify foreign substance or infectious agents a group of cell surface proteins plays vital role…

Q: Explain how we can support HIV in a bullet form.

A: HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus is causative organism causing AIDS- Acquired Immunodeficiency…

Q: What are anticoagulants?What are the practicalapplications of anticoagulants,like heparin, in…

A: Coagulation is the process of formation of threadlike protein fibers around the damaged blood…

Q: what is a “cytokine storm”?

A: The term "cytokine" is made up of two terms - cyto meaning cell and kine meaning signaling.…

Q: What is factor VIII? Whatis the genetic disease in whichthis factor is absent?

A: Coagulation is also called as clotting. It is a process by which blood changes from a liquid to a…

Q: What are H and N spikes and how do they affect immunity in relation to the flue and why is it…

A: Common cold or flu is a viral infection that is transmitted through the air from person-to-person.…

Q: During HAART therapy for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), what are the rationale and mechanisms…

A: HAART:  Multiple antiretroviral medications are typically used in the treatment of HIV/AIDS in order…

Q: Why do cold sores recur throughout the lifetime of an HSV-1 infected individual?

A: HSV-1 infection of the CNS can have lifelong effects such as permanent temporal lobe damage.After…

Q: What are target cells?

A: Biology terms are fundamental concepts and terms used in biology, which is the study of life and…

Q: What are the vectors for H5N1 and H1N3?

A: In biology, vector is an organism that does not cause the disease but carries the disease causing…

Q: For allograft transplantation: (a) How do doctors avoid hyperacute rejection?

A: Transplant rejection is the point at which the organ beneficiary's immune framework recognises the…

Q: What is the major challenge when it comes to long-term treatment of HIV and how is this overcome?

A: HIV stands for human immunodeficiency disorder and it is a medical condition in which the ability of…

Q: In influenza virus, what is antigenic shift and how does it occur?

A: Influenza is a common viral infection that is caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose,…

Q: What role does the Env trimer play in HIV infection?

A: The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer is located on the surface of the virus and is the…

Q: What are Antibodies and its role to our body? And How does Antibodies fight covid-19 virus?

A: Immunity is the capability of the body to fight against foreign attack and maintain the persistence…

Q: What part of the HIV lifecycle is disrupted by MK-0518?

A: MK-0518 is considered a drug, which is commonly used as antiretroviral medication. It is usually…