What is the most likely reason for a heterogeneous genetic makeup of a tumor that arises from a single cell? Disrupted cell cycle checkpoints Low genetic instability Increased cell division rate Increased oncogenic signaling

Q: The best strategy for treating a specific type of human tumor can depend on identifying the type of…

A: Cancer is a fatal disease that has both physical and mental consequences for a person. Cancer can…

Q: genes for retinoblastoma (pRB) and p53, act as  ________ in regulating the cell cycle

A: The retinoblastoma (Rb) and p53 genes perform an important role in cell cycle mechanisms. They play…

Q: D. What is the best term for a normal INK gene? (tumor suppressor) (inactive tumor suppressor)…

A: Tumor-suppressor genes are those genes which do not allow the cell to grow rapidly and in an…

Q: Which of the following decreases during tumor progression? 1) angiogenesis 2) mitosis 3) meiosis 4)…

A: An irreversible change in the tumor's features that represents the sequential development of a…

Q: A new cancer has a poor prognosis when tumorigenic cells express high amounts of a receptor that…

A: Proteins within the EGFR signal transduction network have been the study object of pharmaceutical…

Q: Match each of the changes that can contribute to cancer with its correct description. Loss of…

A: Cancer is a disease where the cells grow uncontrollably. It may affect any part of the body and…

Q: manifestations in the event that the BRCA1 tumor suppressor gene accumulates mutations.

A: the cancer cell produces abnormal protein and their uncontrolled growth will lead to formation of…

Q: A normally functioning gene that regulates the cell cycle by stopping cell division is most likely…

A: Question - A normally functioning gene that regulates the cell cycle by stopping cell division is…

Q: Which one of the listed stem cell types is not pluripotent? iPS cells Embryonic stem cells…

A: Pluripotent stem cells are cells that have the capacity to self-renew by dividing and to develop…

Q: Oncofetal antigen or carcinoembryonic antigen are examples of ----. Tumor specific antigens. Tumor…

A: The T cell immunotherapies target two major types of tumour antigens: private antigens and public…

Q: The Bax gene, codes for a cytosolic protein that plays an important role in apoptosis. Growth factor…

A: Bax gene Bcl-2-associated X protein which is pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 gene family. Cell…

Q: Explain why mutations in tumor suppressor genes are recessive (both copies of the gene must be…

A: Mutation in an organism is defined as a permanent alteration of “nucleotide sequences”. The…

Q: Which of the following effectively describes the situation of someone with an inherited…

A: Cancer is a genetic disease. It’s not a single disease, rather it is two or more hundreds of…

Q: BRCA1 and BRCA2 are genes that encode proteins involved in DNA repair. If DNA can not be repaired,…

A: BRCA1 (BReast CAncer gene 1) and BRCA2 (BReast CAncer gene 2) are genes that make proteins that aid…

Q: Which is true for cancer cells:  1) Cell death occurs after a determined number of cell divisions…

A: Cancer are one of the main causes of death due to chronic failure of organs such as stomach, lungs…

Q: p53 is a gene / protein often associated with cancer.  Why?  What does p53 do?  What kind of gene is…

A: p53 is a tumor suppressor gene it is called so because its activity stops the formation of…

Q: Proteins/peptides exclusively expressed by tumor cells are termed as                  a. tumor…

A: Cancers are caused by mutations in the gene sequence of the tumor suppressor gene or protooncogene…

Q: The myc oncogene increases expression of the glutamine transporter and glutaminase that converts…

A: Cancer is a disease defined by the uncontrolled development of a group of abnormal cells that can…

Q: Which of the following is involved in the formation of cancer? O mutations in genes involved in DNA…

A: Cancer is a disease in which cells of the body multiply uncontrollably and form tumours.  Cancer is…

Q: The normal copies of tumor-suppressor genes encode proteins that have which three types of…

A: A tumour suppressor gene also known as anti-oncogene is a gene that is responsible to regulate the…

Q: For the normal cell to become a cancer cell, mutations should take place in protooncogenes to become…

A: Cancer cells divide incessantly, producing solid tumors or infiltrating the bloodstream with…

Q: Improper cell signaling can lead to cancer. True False

A: Cell is a structural and functional unit of living organisms. Several cells joined together to form…

Q: Gas pedal that works normally and helps the cell to divide can be compare to what kind of gene? Is…

A: (1) The above-mentioned explanation is true for the protooncogenes. Proto-oncogenes are known to…

Q: Cells can become cancerous for many reasons. Regardless of how they become cancerous, the same…

A: The number of cells in a tissue is determined by the balance between the cell division and the cell…

Q: An individual can inherit a gene in which expression has been altered by an ________ change with no…

A:

Q: Choose all correct answers to the following Which of the following would be associated with increase…

A: Cancer progression is associated with many disorders but we will restrict to the given options only.…

Q: Cell Signalling. Use the topic and relate the topic for initiation, progression and…

A: Cancer development involves several transformations both at the genetic and epigenetic levels which…

Q: Which one of the following events is unlikely to beassociated with cancer?a. mutation of a cellular…

A: Cancer is basically the uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal or mutated cells in the body. It is…

Q: If a drug interferes with the formation of microtubules , its effectiveness must be related to…

A: Microtubules Microtubules are the microscopic hollow tubes made of proteins – alpha and beta…

Q: would directly target the ability of cancer cells to evade cell growth suppressors? (evading the…

A: What is VEGF? Many cells generate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), formerly known as…

Q: Classify the following genes as proto-oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes: p53, ras, Bcl-2,…

A: Proto-oncogene is a normal gene which have many different functions in the cell, like providing…

Q: Which of the following chromosomal changes would be LEAST likely to cause the development of cancer?…

A: Cancer is a condition where cells in a specific part of the body grow and reproduce uncontrollably.…

Q: is a normal cellular gene that through a A an oncogene. OA) proto-oncogene...loss-of-function OB)…

A: An oncogene is a cancer-causing gene that has been mutated. A proto-oncogene is a type of oncogene…

Q: What is the difference between a proto-oncogene and a tumor suppressor gene?  How can mutations in…

A: Proto-oncogenes are normally switched off. But when they get activated they cause tumors. On the…

Q: A tumor suppressor gene (TSG) codes for a protein that is part of the system that regulates cell…

A: Normal genes that halt cell division or fix DNA errors are known as tumor suppressor genes. Such…

Q: What specific types of cells do chemotherapy medications target to destroy? cells with cancer…

A: Chemotherapy is an effective treatment against cancer and includes a variety of drugs involved in…

Q: Which of the following is not an example of tumor-suppressor gene? A. p53 gene B. Rb…

A: p53 gene It is a tumor suppressor gene It's activity stops the formation of tumors It is located…

Q: Radiation therapy is commonly used in the treatment of cancer because it interferes with the…

A: Ans: Radiation therapy: The use o X-rays for killing cancer cells as a part of cancer treatment is…

Q: during tumor progression, additional mutations occur within multiple cells of a tumor population,…

A: Tumor progression is a phase of tumor development which is characterized by increased growth speed…

Q: Relatively few inherited forms of cancer involve the inheritance of mutant oncogenes. Instead, most…

A: Cancer is an uncontrolled division of cell that has a defunct apoptosis mechanism. Usually, when…

Q: Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.…

A: A number of genes are implicated in cell proliferation and differentiation. Tight management of this…

Q: The protein that ensures the fidelity of DNA replication is the a. tumor repressor P53 protein. b.…

A: The capacity of polymerase to prevent or rectify mistakes in the newly synthesized DNA strand is…

Q: Which of the following describes the role typical proto-oncogenes have when they are expressed in…

A: Proto-oncogenes, although usually associated with tumors do have a very significant role to play in…

Q: What is the most likely outcome is we lose the tumor suppressor proteins, cyclin- dependent kinase…

A: tumor suppressor proteins regulate the cell during its division and replication providing controlled…

Q: Match each definition with the corresponding term concerning genes involved in tumor formation.…

A: Cancer is a very complex molecular disease that occurs due to the uncontrolled cell division.…

Q: The diagram shows the relative activity of a proto-oncogene and a tumor supressor gene in a normal…

A: Proto oncogene: The gene that is important for normal cell growth. Mutations in these proto…

Q: Wild Type Function (or gene name) Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor (most likely) Cell Cycle Promotion…

A: Tumor suppressor genes are those genes that either suppress or inhibit the cell cycle and promote…

Environmental health and hazards

An organism's environment is the environment in which it lives and has an impact on its well-being. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines environmental health as "those aspects of public health, such as quality of life, that are influenced by physical, chemical, biological, social, and psychosocial components in the environment." Environmental health is concerned with both natural and man-made settings in order to enhance public health. Environmental science, occupational medicine, toxicology, and epidemiology are the key subdisciplines of environmental health.