The normal copies of tumor-suppressor genes encode proteins that have which three types of interrelated functions

Q: genes for retinoblastoma (pRB) and p53, act as  ________ in regulating the cell cycle

A: The retinoblastoma (Rb) and p53 genes perform an important role in cell cycle mechanisms. They play…

Q: Oncogenes show a of mutation, while tumor suppressor genes show a of mutations. is the process by…

A: Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread…

Q: ___________ are changes to the order of nucleotides in a segment of DNA that codes for a protein. a.…

A: Nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids. RNA and DNA are long chains of nucleotides.…

Q: Briefly describe why steroid hormones, such as estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone, are…

A: BASIC INFORMATION  STEROID HORMONE  They are  basically the organic compounds having four rings of…

Q: Cancer-promoting mutations are likely to have different effects on the activity of proteins encoded…

A: Cancer is the unnatural and excessive proliferation of cells that becomes harmful to normal body…

Q: True or false: When oncogenes are present, a cell is more likely to be normal (non-cancerous) than…

A: The normal growth and functions of human cells are primarily based on the information stored in each…

Q: Tbis a membrane of the family of tumor suppressor genes.   true   false

A: Tumor suppressor genes are the normal genes that controls cell division and replication ,repair…

Q: If a is inactive, a cell may become cancerous. Ca. proto-oncogene b. tumor suppressor gene Cc.…

A: Cancer is the group of diseases. It involves the uncontrolled division of normal cells in the body.…

Q: Cancer causing genes are called ________. a. transformation genes b. tumor suppressor genes c.…

A: Cancer is a fast growing chronic disorder nowadays. It is caused due to lack of or absence of…

Q: The normal function of one tumor-suppressor gene acting at the G1 checkpoint is to prevent cells…

A: The cell cycle consists of four steps- G1, S, G2, and M phases. In the G1 phase, the cell increases…

Q: Explain the role of p53 protein in protecting normal cells against cancer. With respect to this…

A: The cell is the primary unit of all living entities. The normal cell undergoes some necessary…

Q: BRCA1 and BRCA2 are genes that encode proteins involved in DNA repair. If DNA can not be repaired,…

A: BRCA1 (BReast CAncer gene 1) and BRCA2 (BReast CAncer gene 2) are genes that make proteins that aid…

Q: Describe the molecular mechanisms involved in P53’s role as a tumor repressor protein.

A: The TP53 gene provides instructions for making a protein called tumor protein p53 (or p53). This…

Q: In your own words, explain how cancer cells differ from normal cells in regard to the following:…

A: Cancer is a very complex disease that causes a cell to divide uncontrollable. Different causes are…

Q: Describe the roles of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in controlling cell growth, and…

A: Oncogenesis is the process of inducing cancer in the body due to mutation in the genes. Oncogenes…

Q: Compare and contrast oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.

A: Oncogenes are those genes that have the potential to cause cancer. These genes are often mutated or…

Q: Describe, using specific examples, the differences in how a growth factor gene and a tumor…

A: When we talk about cancer, there are certain genes associated with it. Oncogenes are genes that are…

Q: Describe how tumor suppressors function to stop the cell cycle until certain events are completed

A: Normal genes that delay cell division, repair DNA errors, or tell cells when to die are known as…

Q: A research study indicated that an agent in cigarette smoke caused the silencing of a tumor…

A: The TP53 gene provides instructions for making a protein called tumor protein p53 (p53). This…

Q: Compare the usual functions of proteins encoded by proto-oncogeneswith those of proteins encoded by…

A: Proteins are macromolecules formed by the long chain of amino acids. They are involved in a wide…

Q: IS most suppressor gene that is often mutated in human cancers.

A: Tumor suppressor genes are also known as anti oncogenes because they regulate the cell cycle during…

Q: Explain why p53 is mutated in the vast majority of human cancers.

A: Any isoform of a protein encoded by homologous genes in multiple animals, such as TP53 and Trp53, is…

Q: Which one of these is a tumor suppressor gene? myc erbB O Rb Gasp

A: Which one of these is a tumor suppressor gene?

Q: Loss of heterozygosity of tumor suppressor gene_______________

A: Loss of heterozygosity -It is the loss of one parent's contribution to cell and can be caused by…

Q: Which one of the following events is unlikely to beassociated with cancer?a. mutation of a cellular…

A: Cancer is basically the uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal or mutated cells in the body. It is…

Q: Explain why many oncogenic viruses contain genes whose products interact with tumor-suppressor…

A: Viruses are infectious agents. They can only replicate inside the living cells. Viruses can infect…

Q: BAX proteins stimulate apoptosis.

A: A natural genetically programmed cell death called apoptosis occurs when an ageing cell reaches the…

Q: Tumor suppressor proteins can assist in slowing down the cell cycle under appropriate conditions. In…

A: Mutation can be classified in many ways - like point mutations are substitutions, frameshift…

Q: Of the following choices a loss of function mutation would most lukely contribute to cancer onset if…

A: Normal DNA contains a particular sequence of DNA. If the sequence of DNA is changed due to external…

Q: ____________ is the most common tumor suppressor gene that is often mutated in human cancers.

A: Tumor suppressor gene are also known as the anti oncogenes which performs the function of regulation…

Q: Cells in a tumor contain mutated copies of a particular gene that promotes tumor growth. Gene…

A: An oncogene helps in control cell division and  contributes to cancer progression whereas a tumor…

Q: Which of the following chromosomal changes would be LEAST likely to cause the development of cancer?…

A: Cancer is a condition where cells in a specific part of the body grow and reproduce uncontrollably.…

Q: proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes cause most types of cancer

A: The genes are formed by the Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of an organism. These genes code all of the…

Q: Explain in general what is meant by a proto-oncogene and how they are involved in the formation of a…

A: Proto-oncogenes are a bunch of normal genes present in a cell. They have the necessary information…

Q: Describe the relationship between cell cycle and link to cancer. Use the following terms in your…

A: The cell cycle is a flow of various events that consist of cell division and cell growth. This cycle…

Q: An oncogene is produced from a                   that has acquired a                      .a.…

A: Cancer is an abnormal condition that leads to proliferation of normal cells. They are caused due to…

Q: Normal p53 is a tumor suppressor gene, when mutated it loses this function. Explain how a tissue…

A: Cancer usually develops when a mutation in a gene results in the formation of a faulty protein that…

Q: Please answer fast Checkpoint blockade therapies are used to treat cancers that arise in a number…

A: Introduction: Chemotherapy, commonly known as chemo or anticancer treatment, is a type of medication…

Q: during tumor progression, additional mutations occur within multiple cells of a tumor population,…

A: Tumor progression is a phase of tumor development which is characterized by increased growth speed…

Q: Relatively few inherited forms of cancer involve the inheritance of mutant oncogenes. Instead, most…

A: Cancer is an uncontrolled division of cell that has a defunct apoptosis mechanism. Usually, when…

Q: Describe the effects on a cell if a mutation were to cause a faulty proto-oncogene or a faulty tumor…

A: DNA is the main hereditary molecule of the cell. DNA contains genes that code for RNA and proteins.…

Q: Positive cell cycle regulators may become mutated to a. tumor suppressor genes b. oncogenes Cc.…

A: INTRODUCTION Oncogenes These are the gene which have the potential to cause cancer.

Q: Compare and contrast oncogenes versus tumor-suppressorgenes.

A: Cancer is the uncontrolled proliferation of cells that can be treated by chemotherapy and…

Q: Proto-oncogenes normally function to increase v cell division. If a mutation occurs to a…

A: Proto - oncogenes normally function to stimulating cell division . If a mutation occurs to a proto -…

Q: Explain Mutations in tumor-suppressor genes are recessive at the cellular level but dominant at the…

A: Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal growth of cells, which tend to proliferate in an…

Q: Describe how the tumor-suppressor genes Rb, p53 and p21 regulate the cell cycle.

A: Tumor suppressor gene  These gene controls the activity of cell division cycles. They decide whether…

Q: Some cancers have been treated with drugs that demethylate DNA.Explain how these drugs might work.…

A: Cancer is a disease that is associated with genetic changes. The mutations in the oncogenes and…

Q: Wild Type Function (or gene name) Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor (most likely) Cell Cycle Promotion…

A: Tumor suppressor genes are those genes that either suppress or inhibit the cell cycle and promote…

Genomic studies

Genomic studies (genomics) is the study of the whole genome of an organism. Using bioinformatics and high-performance computing, genomic researchers examined massive amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-sequence data to discover variations or mutations that affect drug response, health, or disease. Genomics is a much younger discipline than genetics, having only emerged in the last few decades as a result of technological advancements in DNA sequencing and computational biology.