What is the purpose of having a sex hormone binding protein within the blood stream?What is the purpose of having a specific receptor for estrogen within the cell?The estrogen receptor binding domain has many known mutations that effect estrogen bindingand result in breast cancer. One particular mutation found at aspartic acid is changed to glycinein cancer patients. Draw a potential interaction with the side chain of this aspartic acid withestrogen (name and label it) and how a mutation to glycine could affect this ability to efficientlybind to estrogen.6.

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Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter4: Principles Of Neural And Hormonal Communication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 5TAHL

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Recently, a Gα q-coupled receptor was discovered that mediates at least some of the many activities of estrogen. At the time, this discovery generated considerable controversy, as it ran counter to what was then the understanding of how steroid hormone signaling worked. Which of the following observations might have led the investigators to suspect the existence of this newly discovered receptor? A. Activities of estrogen apparent less than 1 minute after application of the hormone B. The growth promoting activity of estrogen C. The presence of estrogen nuclear receptors in cells not previously known to respond to the hormone D. Estrogen is found in much higher concentrations in adult women than adult men E. Uptake of estrogen by target cells
Explain how mutations in the following proteins might result in either loss of responsiveness to a given hormone or production of a continuous signal even in the absence of the hormone a defect in a G protein that renders the GTPase activity inactive.
Explain how mutations in the following proteins might result in either loss of responsiveness to a given hormone or production of a continuous signal even in the absence of the hormone: a mutation in a growth factor receptor with protein kinase activity
Which of the following statements is FALSE? The mammalian glucocorticoid receptor: awaits the steroid hormone at the cell surface and is internalized into the cytoplasm upon glucocorticoid binding. is a hormone-dependent transcription factor. may act as an activator or repressor of transcription depending on the promoter it acts on. is sequestered in the cytoplasm by HSP90 as long as the glucocorticoid is absent. does not require phosphorylation by protein kinase A to bind DNA.
How would mutations that completely ablate the function of the androgen receptor impact the phenotypic development of humans with XY chromosomes? a. Patients would appear phenotypically female. b. Patients would appear phenotypically male with underdeveloped secondary sex characteristics. c. Patients would appear phenotypically male, but cannot produce sperm. d. Patients would express both male and female secondary sex characteristics.
Explain how the hormone-receptor complex can alter theG proteins on the inner surface of the plasma membrane.Which subunit of the G protein alters the activity ofmolecules inside the plasma membrane or inside the cell?
What secondary structures are prevalent in Estrogen Receptor?
Herceptin is an antibody that is used to treat certain forms of breast cancer by binding to a class of estrogen receptors. What is the basis for its effectiveness in treating certain forms of breast cancer?
In their mechanism of action, a difference between steroid and nonsteroid hormones is that __________. nonsteroid hormones bind to DNA steroid hormones enter the nucleus of the target cell, and nonsteroid hormones do not nonsteroid hormones cross the plasma membrane more readily than do steroid hormones steroid hormones use a signal transduction pathway
In response to a hormone secreted by a cell of the opposite mating type, a yeast cell undergoes a complex series of physiological changes involving the activity of about 200 genes and cytoplasmic proteins. They include blockingDNA synthesis, growing toward the mating partner, fusion of the plasma membranes of the two cells, and fusion of their nuclear membranes. Explain how all these events can be controlled through a complex signaling cascade that is triggered by the binding of the hormone to a G protein–linkedreceptor.
Signals carried by hormones must eventually be terminated. Describe several different mechanisms for signal termination.
Through recombinant DNA methods, a modified steroid hormone receptor was prepared that consists of an estrogen receptor with its ligand-binding domain replaced by the ligandbinding domain from the progesterone receptor. Predict the expected responsiveness of gene expression for cells treated with estrogen or with progesterone.

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