Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach (7th Edition)
Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780133594140
Author: James Kurose, Keith Ross
Publisher: PEARSON
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**Transcription and Explanation:**

### Code Explanation:
The code provided is a hardware description written in Verilog. It defines a module named `FrameChecker`, which appears to be part of a finite state machine (FSM).

#### Inputs and Outputs:
- **Inputs:**
  - `Clk`: A clock signal.
  - `Rst`: A reset signal.
  - `StartIn`: A start input signal.
  - `EndIn`: An end input signal.

- **Output:**
  - `ErrorOut`: A logical output signal indicating error status.

#### Enumerated States:
The code defines three states using an enumeration (`enum`):
- `sReset`: The reset state.
- `sIdle`: The idle state.
- `iActive`: The active state.

#### State Transitions:
An `always` block that triggers on the rising edge of either `Clk` or `Rst` manages the state transitions.
- **Reset Condition:** 
  - When `Rst` is 1, the output `ErrorOut` is set to 0, and the state `sState` transitions to `sReset`.
- **State Handling:**
  - **sReset:** Transitions to `sIdle`.
  - **sIdle:** If `StartIn` is 1, transitions to `iActive`.
  - **iActive:**
    - If `EndIn` is 1, transitions back to `sIdle`.
    - If `StartIn` is 1, sets `ErrorOut` to 1.

### Question:
"What type of reset does the following code use?"

#### Options:
- Asynchronous
- Synchronous

### Answer:
The reset used is **asynchronous** because the state transition on the reset (`Rst`) occurs immediately when `Rst` is high, regardless of the clock signal (`Clk`), i.e., the presence of `posedge Rst` in the sensitivity list.
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Transcribed Image Text:**Transcription and Explanation:** ### Code Explanation: The code provided is a hardware description written in Verilog. It defines a module named `FrameChecker`, which appears to be part of a finite state machine (FSM). #### Inputs and Outputs: - **Inputs:** - `Clk`: A clock signal. - `Rst`: A reset signal. - `StartIn`: A start input signal. - `EndIn`: An end input signal. - **Output:** - `ErrorOut`: A logical output signal indicating error status. #### Enumerated States: The code defines three states using an enumeration (`enum`): - `sReset`: The reset state. - `sIdle`: The idle state. - `iActive`: The active state. #### State Transitions: An `always` block that triggers on the rising edge of either `Clk` or `Rst` manages the state transitions. - **Reset Condition:** - When `Rst` is 1, the output `ErrorOut` is set to 0, and the state `sState` transitions to `sReset`. - **State Handling:** - **sReset:** Transitions to `sIdle`. - **sIdle:** If `StartIn` is 1, transitions to `iActive`. - **iActive:** - If `EndIn` is 1, transitions back to `sIdle`. - If `StartIn` is 1, sets `ErrorOut` to 1. ### Question: "What type of reset does the following code use?" #### Options: - Asynchronous - Synchronous ### Answer: The reset used is **asynchronous** because the state transition on the reset (`Rst`) occurs immediately when `Rst` is high, regardless of the clock signal (`Clk`), i.e., the presence of `posedge Rst` in the sensitivity list.
Expert Solution
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Introduction

Either an asynchronous or synchronous reset occurs. As soon as the reset signal is asserted, an asynchronous reset begins to operate. As soon as the reset signal is asserted, a synchronous reset begins to operate on the active clock edge.

Regardless of the state of the clock input, asynchronous inputs on such a flip-flop have control over outputs (Q and not-Q). The preset (PRE) and clear inputs are what these are known as (CLR). The flip-flop is driven to a set state by the preset input and to a reset state by the clear input. Synchronous = occurring at the same moment. Asynchronous means not occurring simultaneously. Participants may get quick feedback using synchronous learning. The participants may study at their own speed via asynchronous learning.

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