When very low concentrations of pepsinogen are added to acidic media, how does the halftime for activation depend on zymogen concentration?

Q: Which explanation on villi and microvilli aiding in absorption is correct?

A: The small intestine is a long tube-like organ with a highly folded surface containing finger-like…

Q: Many species of hindgut fermenters, including horses, eat their feces to a greater extent when they…

A: Horses are large domesticated mammals. There are some horses that live in the wild. The wild horses…

Q: Many organisms in the Enterobacteriaceae family are part of the human gut flora. How does gut flora…

A: Human gut flora: [Entry]          In humans, a gut flora mere to an adult's is formed within one to…

Q: What is the correlation between destruction of parietal cells and Vit B12 deficiency?

A: Animal physiology and human anatomy is the branch of science that studies the form and function of…

Q: What is the role of bile in detoxification?

A: It is the greenish yellow coloured, non enzymatic digestive juice situated by bhai the hepatocytes…

Q: Which of the following intestinal flagella has a jerky motility ?

A: Jerky motility also known as Twitching motility is a form of crawling bacterial motility used to…

Q: Of, Corynebacterium xerosis and Corynebacterium kutsceri, which are positive for lipase production?

A: Corynebacterium xerosis is a Gram-positive bacillus that is found in natural skin flora. It is…

Q: Describe what is the purpose Enterotube II/ Enteropluri system? (In detail)

A: Enterobacteriaceae is one of the major infectious diseases causing agents in humans. It uses…

Q: What are two advantages of a longer alimentary canalfor processing plant material that is difficult…

A: The alimentary canal can be defined as the whole passage along which food passes through the body…

Q: What is the main function of bile salt?

A: Bile salts are prepared in the Liver and stored in Gall Bladder.

Q: When a child is transitioned from breast milk tosolid food, what are the associated changes in the…

A: Step 1 Gut microbial community or Human gastrointestinal microbiota are the microorganisms (bacteria…

Q: What would be the expected out come of a starch test If the bacteria is a pathogenic intestinal…

A: Introduction: Starch test is shown by the gram positive bacteria. This test is used to identify the…

Q: Describe the process of emulsification, explain its importance, and discuss how bile salts are…

A: Digestion is the process of breakdown of the food into simpler substances.

Q: Why are SGLT1 inhibitors drugs able to lower blood glucose and why do they cause diarrhea?

A: SGLT1 stands for sodium glucose cotransport 1.

Q: What are VFAs and of what value are they to the ruminant?

A: Introduction VFAs stands for Volatile Fatty Acids. VFAs are the main energy source for the…

Q: What are the functions ofbiotin and pantothenic acid forthe body? How are thesevitamins obtained?

A: Vitamins are organic molecules and are needed in smaller quantities for growth and development. As…

Q: What will happen to pancreatic enzyme if they were introduced into stomach?

A: Pancreatic enzymes are the commercial mixture of lipase, protease and amylase. They help in the…

Q: State the reservoir of Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC). How do humans acquire EHEC?

A: Enterohemorrhagic E.coli (EHEC) is a human pathogen responsible for the outbreaks of bloody diarrhea…

Q: List the five food groups shown in MyPlate. How is theimportance of eating fruits and vegetables…

A: A balanced diet consists of enough nutrients in the correct amount to support normal body function.…

Q: describe how higher concentrations of inflammation-related biomarkers and β-casomorphin-7 causes the…

A: Milk is one of the most nutritious food materials. It contains milk protein, casein, fats, milk…

Q: In many individuals with severe cases of A1AT deficiency (the ZZ genotype), intracellular…

A: Alpha-1-Antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a genetically inherited autosomal-codominant or autosomal…

Q: How does Jane's problem with Ulcerative Colitis differ from Crohn’s disease (another Inflammatory…

A: Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis of Jane both are gastrointestinal tract inflammation.…

Q: Glucolipids deficiency efects?

A: Glycolipids are those lipid molecules which contain carbohydrates linked through glycosidic…

Q: Will the salivary enzymes get access to the starch from the broken potato cells only? What obstacles…

A: Starch is a biopolymer of glucose. In plants, the primary storage form of glucose is starch. Tubers…

Q: It is mentioned that a high-sucrose diet can cause non-alcoholic FLD. Explain

A: In people who drink little or non-drinkers, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the deposition of…

Q: Trypticase Soy Agar-violet red bile agar function

A: INTRODUCTION The function of Trypticase Soy Agar and Violet Red Bile agar is given below.

Q: Matching type Each color represents a bile pigment. Choose one based on the description given (Refer…

A: Bile pigments are any complex of highly colored waste product found in the bile and formed out of…

Q: Explain the following functions of the liver: bile secretion, synthetic activity, and…

A: We do not provide any refrences. Salivary glands create salvia, moisten food to bind it into a…

Q: What is responsible for the purple staining of the hepatocyte nucleus?

A: Hepatocyte nucleus: Hepatocyte nuclei are commonly round, with one or two nucleoli. The cell has one…

Q: Define the following terms:a. chylomicron remnantsb. glyceroneogenesisc. exogenous lipoprotein…

A: Introduction: A triglyceride is an ester made up of glycerol and three different fatty acids.…

Q: Between, Enterobacter aerogenes and Enterobacter cloacae, which are positive or negative for lipase…

A: E coli is the organism which can do this and it belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae.

Q: Name the method based on a conception, that the diminishing of toxic substances quantity in the…

A: Detoxification is the process by which our bodies rid themselves of waste that might otherwise cause…

Q: How are the protein-digesting enzymes in pancreatic juice activated? What is the logic of this…

A: The pancreatic juice is composed of two secretory products that aid in the process of digestion.…

Q: Define the following terms: a. enterocyte b. lipoprotein lipase c. ApoB-48 d. ApoE e. ApoC-II

A: Lipids: they are colourless, odourless, and tasteless hydrophobic molecules due to the presence of…

Q: What is the action of salivary amylase? Differentiate between lipases and peptidases?

A: Enzymes are biological catalysts. They decrease the activation energy of the reaction. They help in…

Q: By what sweet patato is modified?

A: Plants mainly refer to multicellular plants that have ability to perform photosynthesis and belong…

Q: Why is there poor bowel motility with Hirschsprung disease?

A: The gastrointestinal (GI) tract Often known as the digestive tract , as well as the liver, pancreas,…

Q: Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. If false, correct the statement…

A: Chylomicrons are ultra low-density lipoproteins that consist of triglycerides, cholesterol, and…

Q: What agent is the number one cause ofgastrointestinal illness? What is the causative agentof vCJD?…

A: In the developing countries, intense viral gastroenteritis is withering and a main source of death…

Q: Give two reasons why it is important to control the rate offlow of chyme through the digestive…

A: 1. Chyme must be released slowly and in small amounts from the stomach for effective chemical…

Q: Between, Enterobacter aerogenes and Enterobacter cloacae, which are positive or negative for…

A: Enterobacter aerogenes and Enterobacter cloacae are gram-negative microorganism that belong to the…

Q: Explain the term somaclones?

A: The individuals characterized by the presence of the exact identical or virtually identical DNA are…

Q: Of Alcaligenes faecalis and Citrobacter freundii, which produce lipase, or do both?

A: Citrobacter freundii has the ability to produce lipases. Alcaligenes faecalis do not produce…

Q: How is glucose actively transported from gut lumen to gut epithelium even when the concentration of…

A: The mechanism of glucose uptake differs throughout tissues depending upon the metabolic needs of the…

Q: Why is protein intake restricted in patients withkidney disease?

A: The excretory system’s major organs are the kidneys. The kidney’s primary role is to keep the…

Q: How does the pancreaticjuice participate in thedigestion of proteins? Whatare the involved enzymes?

A: Digestion is a catabolic process that involves breakdown of complex food substances into simpler…

Q: Explain what Hepatocyte hopping is

A: Introduction: The liver is the modified exocrine gland and liver cells are made up of hepatocytes.…

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.