20 QUESTION 20Which of the following is (are) true for the "feeder pathways" for glycolysis?(i)Galactose is converted to glucose-1-phosphate prior to its entry into the pathway(ii)In mammalian liver, fructokinase converts fructose to fructose-6-phosphateA trios-kinase converts glyceraldehyde to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphateii and iO i, ii, and ii onlyi and iiO i and iQUESTION 21Glycogen de-branching enzymes carry out all of the following excepthydrolyzing the alpha (1- 4) bondexhibiting specificity for the (1- 6) glucosidase activireleasing glucose as free gluCOsO

All the chemical reactions that occur inside the body and sustain the life processes are together…

Answered: Which of the following is (are) true…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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QUESTION 22 When the final product of a series of enzymatically-catalyzed reactions binds to the first enzyme in the pathway to limit its production, it generally uses ___ because the structure of this final product is generally not similar to that of any of the enzyme's normal substrates. Allosteric activation Zymogen activation Covalent modification Competitive inhibition Allosteric inhibition
Question:- 33) Glucose-6-phosphate has different pathways that it can enter in the liver during the fed state. All of the following are possible except OA.) it is oxidized to acetyl CoA for fatty acid biosynthesis O B). it can enter the pathway for glycogen biosynthesis O c.) it is a substrate for glucose-6-phosphatase OD. )it is oxidized in glycolysis to provide energy for the body
QUESTION 26 During gluconeogenesis, whereby liver cells convert pyruvate to glucose, Fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) is converted to Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P). If the standard equilibrium concentrations are: [F6P] = 0.52 M and [G6P] = 1.48 M, then Keq’ is ______ and the reaction is ________. Fructose-6-P ó Glucose-6-P > 1; exergonic > 1; endergonic < 1; exergonic < 1; endergonic
Question 1: In some microorganisms, carbon fixation occurs by reversal of the citric acid cycle. This reversal is accomplished in part by the use of a strong reductant (ferredoxin) to drive the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase reaction in the reductive direction. Part a: ΔG°‘ for reaction as it occurs in the ‘normal’ (oxidative) citric acid cycle is -30.1 kJ/mol. The standard reduction potential for NADH is -0.32 V. In order to drive the reaction in the reverse direction, the reductant (a ferredoxin) must have a lower reduction potential than NADH/NAD+. Remembering that this is a two-electron reduction, and using the numbers given just above, compute the value of the ferredoxin reduction potential that would be needed to make the standard free energy zero (so that the reductive reaction is enegetically just as favorable as the oxidative reaction). Assume that all of the other reactants are the same in the reductive as in the oxidative reaction. Write out the steps in your calculation;…
Question 29 options: If 6 molecules of acetyl CoA were completely oxidized by the CAC, how many molecules of FADH2 would be produced?
Question 1: The 4 kinase steps in glycolysis are catalyzed by hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, phosphoglycerate kinase, and pyruvate kinase. Write each of these four reactions, including all participants. i. ii. iii. iv.
Question 1: When the CAC is run in reverse by microorganisms that use it to fix carbon, the citrate synthase reaction is different and is catalyzed by an enzyme called ATP-citrate lyase. Write the reaction catalyzed by ATP-citrate lyase, then briefly (in one sentence) explain why the use of different chemistry (different from the ‘normal’ direction) makes sense here.
Question:- 1.) If 2 molecules of glucose enters glycolysis, a total of how many carbon dioxide molecules are released after Krebs Cycle including those released during pyruvate processing?
Question 1: ATP synthases contains 3 copies of each of the large subunits (called α and β in the E. coli enzyme). The number of c subunits can vary among different ATP synthases, ranging from 8 to 17. Part a: Briefly explain how this variation in the number of c subunits would affect the energetics of ATP synthesis. For a fixed value of the protonmotive force, how much energy can the gradient provide to drive one revolution of the ATP synthase, in a synthase with 8 c- subunits versus a synthase with 17 c-subunits?
Question 1: The standard reduction potential for the the cytochrome c Fe3+/Fe2+ redox couple and for the dioxygen/water redox couple. Part a: Use these values, and the relevant equation, to compute the standard free energy change for the transfer of 4 electrons from cytochrome c to dioxygen. Part b: Next, compute the free energy needed to pump four protons across the mitochondrial membrane, using the relevant equation and values of -.14V for Δψ and 1.4 for ΔpH. Part c: If energy conservation by cytochrome c oxidase involved only the four pumped protons (and standard conditions applied), what would be the efficiency of energy conservation at this step? (what is the ratio [energy conserved in the gradient] / [redox energy used] ?)
QUESTION 1 a. John has just taken his Lunch meal, after which he is going to takes his Daily soccer practice match in the next 30 min, how will glycolysis operate/work in such conditions or be applicable b. How will oxidative phosphorylation work in sickly John who usually practice daily in soccer? Make possible scenarios c. Enzymes are critical in the metabolism of most most organic compounds, actually 30% of reactions are catalysed by them. How would the inactive enzymes (Sickness) in electron Transport Chain compromise the fat breakdown in the body.
Question: A. To explore the consequences of coupling ATP hydrolysis under physiological conditions to a thermodynamically unfavorable biochemical reaction, consider the hypothetical transformation X⟶Y, for which Δ?′°=20.0 kJ/mol. What is the ratio of [Y]/[X][Y]/[X] at equilibrium? B. Suppose XX and YY participate in a sequence of reactions during which ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and Pi. The overall reaction is X+ATP+H2O⟶Y+ADP+Pi Calculate [Y]/[X] for this reaction at equilibrium. Assume that the temperature is 25.0 °C and the equilibrium concentrations of ATP, ADP, and Pi are 1.00 M each. C. We know that [ATP], [ADP], and [Pi] are not 1.00 M under physiological conditions. Calculate [Y]/[X] for the ATP‑coupled reaction when the values of [ATP], [ADP], and [Pi] are those found in rat myocytes. Metabolite Concentration in rat myocytes (M) ATP 8.05x10-3 ADP 0.93x10-3 Pi 8.05x10-3

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