Which of the following is true regarding the use of animal models in health research? Primates are the most common animal model used in medical research in Canada Rats fed a high fat diet are a good model to study lifestyle-induced effects on metabolism and health Drosophila cannot be used as a model for human genetics due to extreme differences in emergent properties between drosophila and humans Two of the above are true
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- Which of the following statements concerning genes are true? Select all that apply. A gene is a segment of DNA that determines a certain trait.A gene is a segment of DNA that determines a certain trait. An allele is a variation of a given gene. Genes contain information that codes only for proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression.Genes contain information that codes only for proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression. Genes are not responsible for the expression of traits.Genes are not responsible for the expression of traits. Allele variations are due to small changes in the nucleotide sequence within the gene that sometimes change the structure of a protein and ultimately its function.Allele variations are due to small changes in the nucleotide sequence within the gene that sometimes change the structure of a protein and ultimately its function.Animal Models: The Search for Behavior Genes You are a researcher studying an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder. You have cloned the gene underlying the disorder and have found that it encodes an enzyme that is overexpressed in the neurons of individuals who have the disorder. To better understand how this enzyme causes neurodegeneration in humans, you make a strain of transgenic Drosophila whose nerve cells overexpress the enzyme. a. How might you use these transgenic flies to try to gain insight into the disease or identify drugs that might be useful in the treatment of the disease? b. Can you think of any potential limitations of this approach?Which of the following statements describe how genes, proteins, and traits are related? Select all that apply. Proteins carry out activities in the cell that affect traits. Genes carry out functions in the cell that include providing structure and controlling chemical reactions. Genes contain information about traits. The nucleotide sequence of a gene determines the amino acid sequence of a protein. Proteins are molecules in the cell that encode genes. Submit
- Why is Drosophila melanogaster a relevant model of substance abuse disorders? Select all that apply. Partial point deduction for incorrect choices. The fruit fly lacks dopaminergic neurons, making it a good negative model for addiction. Because flies do not display dose-dependent responses to psychoactive drugs, fewer experimental treatments are needed. The fruit fly has a homologous circadian clock, which can be manipulated to investigate changes in physiological responses to drugs. Fruit flies are deuterostomes. Several fly genes responsible for level of ethanol sensitivity have human orthologs. The fruit fly also has neuropeptides secreted by brain cells that influence preference behaviors.Please help with the following: There are a number of evolutionary hypotheses that researchers have developed to better understand the high prevalence of complex diseases like type 2 diabetes and obesity across populations today. The best explanation for this high prevalence of complex diseases is: A. Speakman's hypothesis B. Meyer’s gene hypothesis C. Thrifty gene hypothesis D. Drifty gene hypothesis E. Neel's hypothesisWhich of the following statements is FALSE? a. Only vertebrates possess HOX genes. b. HOX genes are transcription factors. c. Hox genes are very highly conserved in the genome location and function among organims. d. HOX genes are activated in a very predictable pattern.
- It is a basic idea of human biology, taught in grade schools everywhere: Identical twins come from the same fertilized egg and share identical genetic profiles. But according to new research, though identical twins share very similar genes, identical they are not. The discovery opens a new understanding of why two people who hail from the same embryo can differ in phenotype (physical characteristics), as biologists refer to a person’s physical manifestation. The new findings appear in the March issue of The American Journal of Human Genetics, in a study conducted by scientists at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and universities in Sweden and the Netherlands. The scientists examined the genes of 10 pairs of monozygotic, or identical, twins, including 9 pairs in which one twin showed signs of dementia or Parkinson’s disease and the other did not. It has long been known that identical twins develop differences that result from the environment. And in recent years, it has also…What are ethical concerns in using animals for research? Select all that apply: - many animals can be studied at one time - animals cannot consent to being used in experiments - some animals may have adverse reactions - animals are ideal biological modes for experimentsYou are studying two populations of rats—one in New York and theother in Florida. Adult New York rats seem to prefer Swiss cheese,whereas Florida rats seem to prefer cheddar. Design an experimentto determine the extent to which this behavior may be geneticallycontrolled versus environmentally influenced.
- Some mutations result in proteins that function well at onetemperature but are nonfunctional at a different (usuallyhigher) temperature. Siamese cats have such a “temperaturesensitive” mutation in a gene encoding an enzyme that makesdark pigment in the fur. The mutation results in the breed’sdistinctive point markings and lighter body color (see thephoto). Using this information and what you learned in thechapter, explain the pattern of the cat’s fur pigmentationWhat are the novel technologies, experiments, or materials (in vitro or silico) that provide ‘replacements’ for animals in experimentations?3R'SREPLACEMENT: means the substitution of living animals by in vitro techniques (eg cells, tissues), computerized models, etc.discuss how nature (genetics), nurture (environment, ecosystems, culture), or a combination of both can interact with brain development in infancy and motor development in infancy
