Which of the following signaling pathways use conventional molecular activation cascades (signaling cascades) to induce changes in gene transcription? These pathways involve sequential activation of multiple molecules in the cytosol before a final effector protein can translocate to the nucleus. Choose all that apply. □ Cytokine receptors signaling pathway O TGF-B signaling pathway ORTK signaling pathway Notch/Delta signaling pathway O Wnt signaling pathway

Which of the following signaling pathways use conventional molecular activation cascades (signaling cascades) to induce changes in gene transcription? These pathways involve sequential activation of multiple molecules in the cytosol before a final effector protein can translocate to the nucleus. Choose all that apply. □ Cytokine receptors signaling pathway O TGF-B signaling pathway ORTK signaling pathway Notch/Delta signaling pathway O Wnt signaling pathway

Biology 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172517

Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Chapter9: Cell Communication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1VCQ: Figure 9.8 HER2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase. In 30 percent of human breast cancers, HER2 is...

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Protein phosphorylation is commonly involved with all of thefollowing except(A) activation of receptor tyrosine kinases.(B) activation of protein kinase molecules.(C) activation of G protein-coupled receptors.(D) regulation of transcription by signaling molecules.
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To move in a specific direction, a migrating cell must use extracellular cues to establish which portion of the cell will act as the front and which will act as the back. Describe how small GTPase proteins appear to be involved in the signaling pathways used by migrating cells to determine direction of movement.
Which of the following signaling mechanisms is not a switch mechanism? a. Changes in phosphorylation state b. Binding of GTP c. Binding of Ca2+ ion d. Protease activity
In the RAD signaling pathway the EGF ligand binds the EGF receptor, this initiated a phosphorylation cascade that results in cell proliferation. Which of the following statements is correct: a. RAS protein is the sognal b. EGF ligand is the signal c. cell proliferation is the signal d. EGF receptor is the signal e. none of the above
Put the following steps for the outline of the growth factor signaling pathway in order: Map Kinase Kinase is Phosphorylated Proteins involved in gene transcription are activated Growth factor binds to its receptor in the cytoplasmic membrane Receptor recruits adaptor protein and GEF Autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues on the receptor Structural change of the receptor activates Tyrosine Kinase Map Kinase Kinase Kinase is phosphorylated Ras, a small GTPase, is activated by the exchange of GTP for GDP Map Kinase is Phosphorylated Map Kinase enters the nucleus
Put the following steps in the correct orderedsequence.a. kinase cascadeb. activation of a transcription factorc. hormone binds transmembrane receptord. expression of target genes in the nucleuse. Ras molecular switch
The G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) pathway elicits diverse intracellular responses in different cells. The basic steps of GPCR signaling are outlined in this diagram. Which of the following statements correctly describes the process of GPCR signaling? The GPCR activation is reversible after the signal of the ligand diminishes. The membrane-embedded enzyme uses GTP as a secondary messenger to initiate gene expression. The ligand attaches to both the GPCR and the membrane-embedded enzyme to activate the GPCR pathway. The ligand-bound GPCR sends a GTP molecule to an enzyme in the membrane and switches it into an active state.
In a clinical study, it was found that copaiba essential oil positively regulated multiple signaling pathways in neuronal cells. These included the following signaling pathways which regulate neuronal metabolism, proliferation and immunity: (Select all that apply.) Choose at least one answer. a. AMPK b. pI3K/Akt/mTOR c. MAPK d. JAK/STAT
a universal feature of cell signaling receptors is that they? a. undergo a structural (shape) change when the signal molecule is bound b. are present only in the plasma membrane c. are only ion channels d. are protein kinases e. aer only nuclear receptors
Cellular signaling follows a cascade of events and has multiple points of regulation. Which of the following could be a reason(s) why a signalling cascade is interrupted, or turned 'off', once it has been turned 'on'? A) a protein gets tagged with an ubiqutin group and gets degraded B) a chemical modification occurred on serine, threonine, or tyrosine side chains to turn on/off proteins C) allosteric regulation causes an active site to be hidden D) All of the other answers are correct E) The ligand is prevented from reaching the binding site
What is the main benefit of cell signaling via direct physical contact and cell signaling over short distances (ex: nerve cell signaling)?