Which of the following statements best defines the term ‘spare receptors’? ‘Spare receptors’ refers to receptors that are broken down by cells because they are surplus to requirements. ‘Spare receptors’ occur when the KD for agonist binding to the receptor is smaller than the EC50 determined for a particular physiological response. ‘Spare receptors’ refers to the pool of intracellular receptors that are able to translocate to the plasma membrane. ‘Spare receptors’ can be defined as the number of receptors not occupied by agonist when a maximal response has been achieved, compared to the total number of receptors in the cell.

Which of the following statements best defines the term ‘spare receptors’? ‘Spare receptors’ refers to receptors that are broken down by cells because they are surplus to requirements. ‘Spare receptors’ occur when the KD for agonist binding to the receptor is smaller than the EC50 determined for a particular physiological response. ‘Spare receptors’ refers to the pool of intracellular receptors that are able to translocate to the plasma membrane. ‘Spare receptors’ can be defined as the number of receptors not occupied by agonist when a maximal response has been achieved, compared to the total number of receptors in the cell.

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter4: Principles Of Neural And Hormonal Communication

Section4.5: Intercellular Communication And Signal Transduction

Problem 3CYU: Outline the three general means by which binding of a water soluble extracellular chemical messenger...

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Which of the following statements most accurately describes what happens when an antagonist binds to a receptor? The antagonist binds non-covalently to the receptor and promotes internalisation of the receptor. Antagonist binding alters the structure of the receptor making it unable to function normally. At sufficiently high concentrations the antagonist can prevent the receptor from binding to its natural (endogenous) ligand. The antagonist-receptor complex binds to a heterotrimeric G protein forming a stable and inactive ternary complex.
A drug binds to a receptor and causes an immediate change in the electrical signaling or excitability of that cell, without activating another signaling molecule. What type of receptor is this drug most likely binding to? G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) Ligand-gated ion channel Enzyme-coupled receptor Intracellular receptor Voltage-gated ion channel
when a chemical messenger (or ligand) reaches a target cell, it binds to a receptor. A hydrophobic ligand binds to a(n) _______, whereas a hydrophilic ligand binds to a(n)_________. a. agonist receptor; antagonic receptor b. transmembrane receptor; intracellular receptor c. antagonist receptor; agonist receptor d. intracellular receptor; transmembrane receptor
When comparing two or more ligands, a larger numerical value for KD corresponds to a higher binding affinity. True False In radioligand binding assays, a large excess of a noncompetitive antagonist is used to determine the specific binding of the radiolabeled ligand. True False Exocrine glands have ducts that provide a passageway for secretions to move to the surface of the epithelium. True False An inverse agonist binds to a receptor with an affinity that is inversely proportional to its potency. True False Can I get the answer? I don't need explanation
Maximal physiological response to an external stimuli typically occurs when ______ of the receptors are bound by its ligand. A. None of the answers are true. B. All of the answers are true. C. Only a fraction D. 100% E. Most F. at least 50% G. Ligand-bound receptors do not result in any detectable physiological responses.
Which of these is NOT a response that occurs when an intercellular chemical signal binds to a membrane-bound receptor? 1. Enzymes at the inner surface of the cell are directly activated. 2. Ion channels open or close. 3. Enzymes add phosphate groups to certain proteins in the cell. 4. The chemical signal and receptor bind to DNA in the nucleus. 5. Activated G proteins activate enzymes that produce intracellular messengers.
All cells of a multicellular organism may not respond in the same wayto a particular ligand (signaling molecule) that binds to a cell surfacereceptor. The difference in response may be due toa. the type of receptor for the ligand that the cell expresses.b the affinity of the ligand for the receptor in a given cell type.c. the type of signal transduction pathways that the cell expresses.d. the type of target proteins that the cell expresses.e. all of the above.
Which of the following best describes the type of receptor a beta-antagonist drugs acts on a.Ligand-regulated transmembrane enzymes b.Ion channel c.G protein-coupled receptor d.Intracellular lipid-soluble signaling
Describe three ways in which a gradual increase inan extracellular signal can be sharpened by the target cellto produce an abrupt or nearly all-or-none response.
You can choose one or more than one option The dissociation constant (Kd) of a receptor is: BIOCHEMISTRY basic the concentration of a ligand that produces 100% occupancy of the receptor the concentration of a ligand that produces 50% of the maximal effect. the measurement of specificity between ligand and its receptor. the measurement of speed by which a ligand will dissociate from its receptor. the measurement of affinity between a ligand and its receptor and the inverse of the association constant. During an experiment with Drosophila, it was discovered that all females had red eyes. unlike males. A conclusion based on this observation would be: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY basic The gene for eye color is located on the X chromosome. The females are homozygotes The gene for eye color is dominant. The eye color results from multigenic linkage. The eye color phenotype is sex-linked A secondary lysosome: CELL BIOLOGY advanced a lysosome that provides a backup to the primary…
For a signal to be sent down an axon of a nerve cell, an action potential must be generated. This is done by.. Select one: a. G-protein coupled receptors bind ligand, a phosphorylation cascade occurs, this causes a change in charge of the membrane due to the addition of phosphates allowing Na+ channels to open. b. Ligand-gated K+ channels open, allowing K+ to rush out of the cell and depolarize that part of the membrane. This change in charge opens neighboring voltage-gated channels. c. Ligand-gated Na+ channels open, allowing Na+ to rush in. This then depolarizes that region of the membrane resulting in opening neighboring voltage-gated channels. d. Receptor tyrosine kinases have two Na+ molecules bind, this opens voltage-gated channels allowing the “signal” to pass down the axon.
Draw a diagram of a membrane receptor and include the following details. Include a depiction of the plasma membrane with which it is associated; label the locations of the extracellular space, the cytoplasm, and the ligand-binding domain.

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		‘Spare receptors’ refers to receptors that are broken down by cells because they are surplus to requirements.
		‘Spare receptors’ occur when the K_D for agonist binding to the receptor is smaller than the EC₅₀ determined for a particular physiological response.
		‘Spare receptors’ refers to the pool of intracellular receptors that are able to translocate to the plasma membrane.
		‘Spare receptors’ can be defined as the number of receptors not occupied by agonist when a maximal response has been achieved, compared to the total number of receptors in the cell.