G The formula t xCWhere Does X b My Questions XBC Broward Ccmillanlearning.com/sac/5078081#/5078081/12/-1Completed 16 out of 20<>Question 13 of 20 >Which of these will contribute to a cartel's stability?O a copyrightObrand differentiationO ease of entry into an industryO having few members with similar goalsRain五0

In a market, a cartel refers to the situation when market participants try to maximize the overall…

Answered: Which of these will contribute to a…

Which of these will contribute to a cartel's stability? O a copyright brand differentiation ease of entry into an industry having few members with similar goals

Managerial Economics: Applications, Strategies and Tactics (MindTap Course List)

14th Edition

ISBN:9781305506381

Author:James R. McGuigan, R. Charles Moyer, Frederick H.deB. Harris

Publisher:James R. McGuigan, R. Charles Moyer, Frederick H.deB. Harris

Chapter12: Price And Output Determination: Oligopoly

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4E

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When OPEC raised the price of oil dramatically in the mid-1970s, experts said it was unlikely that the cartel could stay together over the long term-that the incentives for individual members. to cheat would become too strong. More than fort),r years later, OPEC still exists. Why do you think OPEC has been able to beat the odds and continue to collude? Hint: You may wish to consider non-economic reasons.
Consider the curve in the figure below, which shows the market demand. marginal cost, and marginal revenue curve for firms in an oligopolistic industry. In this example, we assume firms have zero fixed costs. Suppose the firms collude to form a cartel. What price will the cartel charge? What quantity will the cartel supply? How much profit will the cartel earn? Suppose now that the cane] breaks up and the oligopolistic firms compete as vigorously as possible by cutting the price and increasing sales. What will be the industry quantity and price? What will be the collective profits of all firms in the industry? Compare the equilibrium price, quantity, and profit for the cartel and cutthroat competition outcomes.
Breakdown of a cartel agreement Consider a town in which only two residents, Sean and Yvette, own wells that produce water safe for drinking. Sean and Yvette can pump and sell as much water as they want at no cost. For them, total revenue equals profit. The following table shows the town's demand schedule for water. Price Quantity Demanded Total Revenue (Dollars per gallon) (Gallons of water) (Dollars) 5.40 0 0 4.95 40 $198.00 4.50 80 $360.00 4.05 120 $486.00 3.60 160 $576.00 3.15 200 $630.00 2.70 240 $648.00 2.25 280 $630.00 1.80 320 $576.00 1.35 360 $486.00 0.90 400 $360.00 0.45 440 $198.00 0 480 0 Suppose Sean and Yvette form a cartel and behave as a monopolist. The profit-maximizing price is $ __________ per gallon, and the total output is __________ gallons. As part of their cartel agreement, Sean and Yvette agree to split production equally. Therefore, Sean's profit is $ __________ , and Yvette's profit is __________ .…
3. Breakdown of a cartel agreement Consider a town in which only two residents, Jake and Latasha, own wells that produce water safe for drinking. Jake and Latasha can pump and sell as much water as they want at no cost. For them, total revenue equals profit. The following table shows the town's demand schedule for water. Price Quantity Demanded Total Revenue (Dollars per gallon) (Gallons of water) (Dollars) 5.40 0 0 4.95 40 $198.00 4.50 80 $360.00 4.05 120 $486.00 3.60 160 $576.00 3.15 200 $630.00 2.70 240 $648.00 2.25 280 $630.00 1.80 320 $576.00 1.35 360 $486.00 0.90 400 $360.00 0.45 440 $198.00 0 480 0 Suppose Jake and Latasha form a cartel and behave as a monopolist. The profit-maximizing price is per gallon, and the total output is gallons. As part of their cartel agreement, Jake and Latasha agree to split production equally. Therefore, Jake's profit is , and Latasha's profit is . Suppose that Jake and…
a. Explain what you know about collusion and cartels, including: definition, formation of motives, types and differences between these types, and so on. b. Why is this behavior often encountered in imperfectly competitive market structures such as oligopolies? c. What obstacles/obstacles do collusion and cartels often face? d. Name and explain at least 3 factors that can facilitate the occurrence of collusion and cartel!
The Competition Bureau in Canada wants to increase competition and reduce monopoly power. Thus it it worries about industry concentration in Canada. Let's assume that the Canadian halibut processing industry there are only two firms(duopoly). Under such a market structure, if one of the halibut processing firm increases its price, then the other firm in the halibut processing industry can: keep the price of its processed halibut constant and thus increase its market share. keep its price of its processed halibut constant and thus decrease its market share. decrease its price of its processed halibut and thus decrease its market share. try to achieve economies of scale. increase its price of its processed halibut and thus increase its market share.
7. (Collusion and Cartels) Why would each of the following induce some members of OPEC to cheat on their cartel agreement? a. Newlyjoinedcartelmembersareless-developedcountries. b. The number of cartel members doubles from 12 to 24. c. International debts of some members grow. d. Expectations grow that some members will cheat.
Explain why OPEC has been one of the most successful cartels in recent decades. Whatfactors have limited this success?
4. Imagine a market with demand P = 420 – Q in each period. Two firms are thinking about colluding. They each have cost C(Qi) = 60Qi. If they cooperate and behave as a monopoly, then they have a marginal revenue curve, MRm = 420 – 2Q, and a marginal cost curve, MCm = 60. If they are in a cartel, then the firms will split the monopoly production and profits. If they compete, then they face MRi = 420 – 2Qi – Q-I and MCi = 60. a. If the firms stick to their agreement (cooperate), how much per-period profit do they each make? b. If they are not able to maintain their agreement (compete), what is their per-period profit? c. If one firm cheats on their agreement (deviate), how much does each firm make? Be sure to specify both the profit for the cheater and the firm cheated-on. d. Suppose the firms assume that their interaction will last forever (r = 1) and they share the common discount value R. What is the lowest value of R such that both firms are willing to continue with the cartel…
just answer the subpart d a. Explain what you know about collusion and cartels, including: definition, formation of motives, types and differences between these types, and so on. b. Why is this behavior often encountered in imperfectly competitive market structures such as oligopolies? c. What obstacles/obstacles do collusion and cartels often face? d. Name and explain at least 3 factors that can facilitate the occurrence of collusion and cartel!
4. Imagine a market with demand P = 420 – Q in each period. Two firms are thinking about colluding. They each have cost C(Qi) = 60Qi. If they cooperate and behave as a monopoly, then they have a marginal revenue curve, MRm = 420 – 2Q, and a marginal cost curve, MCm = 60. If they are in a cartel, then the firms will split the monopoly production and profits. If they compete, then they face MRi = 420 – 2Qi – Q-I and MCi = 60. d)Suppose the firms assume that their interaction will last forever (r = 1) and they share the common discount value R. What is the lowest value of R such that both firms are willing to continue with the cartel agreement described above?
Consider a duopolistic market with an inverse demand curve P(Q) = 460 − 4Qand constant marginal costs for each firm that are given by MC(Q) = 10.Assume fixed costs are negligible. The two identical firms are competing in this market by choosing their production quantities simultaneously. In the equilibrium, each firm produces 37.5 units and the prevailing market price is 160. How would the joint profits of these two firms change if they successfully formed a cartel? Change in joint profits: ? (Enter your answer rounded to two decimal places; include a negative sign if appropriate.)