Why might you expect a small dose of puromycin to be less effective in repressing bacterial growth than an equivalent number of mole- cules of erythromycin?
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- Mycobacterium tuberculosis recruits phagocytes to the site of infection. Based on this information, which of the three methods shown here does the bacterium likely use to avoid being destroyed?A person who is allergic to pulse was advised to take a capsule of spirulina daily.give its reason?How could cyclosporine be used to treat autoimmune disease? be sure to explain you're reasoning
- Refer to the figures above: 41) Which figure displays the rate of bacterial growth in a living animal? a) Figure A b) Figure C C) Both d) Neither e) Cannot be determined 42) Which figure tests the effects of one or more lymphocytes? a) Figure A b) Figure C c) Both d) Neither e) Cannot be determined 43) Which figure demonstrates that addition of effector PCs leads to bacterial death? a) Figure A b) Figure C C) Both d) Neither e) Cannot be determined 44) Based on these figures, Listeria infection control is most directly due to which effector cell: a) CTL b) T helper c) Macrophage d) Basophil d) None of the aboveNearly all immune deficiency diseases that result in impaired TH17 and ILC3 function lead to chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC), usually accompanied by increased susceptibility to pyogenic bacterial infections. However, a subset of these patients also show increased susceptibility to intracellular bacterial infections, such as those caused by Mycobacteria species. What is the explanation for why some, but not all, of these patients have increased susceptibility to intracellular bacteria and which patients fall into this category?The anticlotting property of heparin is partly the result of the negative charges it carries. ( Q.) Which type of heparin is a better anticoagulant, one with a high or a low degree of polymerization?
- Typical symptoms of COVID-19 include: (1) fever (83-98%), (2) cough (46-82%), (3) muscle pain or fatigue (11-44%), (4) shortness of breath (31%), and in some severe cases, (5) acute respiratory failure, (6) secondary infection and (7) interferon gamma-related cytokine storm. Pick 3 of the above symptoms, and explain why the patients may have these symptoms.Is it as effective to take two antibiotics sequentially as it is to take them simultaneously, as long as the total length of time that they are both taken is the same? Explain.In a lysogenic pathway, antisense Cro is made. Explain why this renders Cro to be inactive?
- Explain the action of SPS as anticoagulant for blood culturePatients with recurrent infections of Neisseria meningitidis, an extracellular bacterial pathogen that causes meningitis, were examined to determine the underlying cause of their immunodeficiency. A subset of these patients were found to have defects in complement activation on the bacterial surface, a process that for this bacterium is dominated by alternative complement activation leading to C3b deposition on the pathogen surface. When neutrophils from these patients were examined in vitro, the results, in the figure below, were obtained. Based on these data, the identity of the green neutrophil mediator in the figure below is likely to be: Complement factor B The C3 convertase Factor P (properdin) C3b Mannose-binding lectin (MBL)Complement activation is a cascade reaction, with each component sequentially acting onothers, in a similar way to the blood-clotting system. Discuss the effects that occur whenpeptides are generated from the activation by either the classical or the alternative pathway