Would the development of a “super statin” that inhibited all HMG CoA reductase activity be a useful drug? Explain.

Q: Briefly describe the dual role of lipoic acid in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

A: Lipoic acid is essentially used in aerobic processes. It is important biological compound for the…

Q: One of the regulators of the TCA cycle is succinyl CoA.  Discuss the rationale for this molecule to…

A: Introduction: The enzymes of the TCA cycle are situated in the mitochondrial matrix, in closeness to…

Q: a) Which catalytic mechanism occurs in step 2? b) Why must phosphate first bind to succinyl-CoA…

A: Glycolysis, TCA cycle, and ETC all are interconnected processes. Respiration is an oxidative…

Q: The tricarboxylate transport system supplies cytosolic acetyl-CoA for palmitate synthesis. What…

A: The biosynthesis of plamitate requires acetyl-CoA and also the input of chemical energy in two forms…

Q: Please explain the concept of a "feed-forward" mechanism and provide an example of this in the…

A: In a feed-forward activation, a metabolite produced early in the pathway activates the enzyme that…

Q: The action of glucagon on liver cells leads to inhibition of pyruvate kinase. What is the most…

A: Glucagon is a peptide hormone, produced by alpha cells of the pancreas. It works to raise the…

Q: β-oxidation is inhibited by   A. high acetyl-CoA levels   B. low malonyl-CoA levels   C.…

A: Beta-oxidation is the process of fatty acid degradation to remove the fragments of carbon atoms…

Q: After several days of starvation, the ability of the liver to metabolize acetyl-CoA via the citric…

A: During starvation, glycogen stored as a fuel is used up by the liver to supply the required amount…

Q: Pharmaceuticals in a class called the statins inhibit theenzyme HMG-CoA reductase. What is the…

A: Statins are the drugs which inhibit the working of the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase. They are used as…

Q: Complete oxidation of a 16-carbon fatty acid can yield 129 molecules of ATP. How many ATP molecules…

A: Beta oxidation of fatty acid is the process of breakdown of fatty acid in order to produce energy.it…

Q: Isoleucine is degraded to acetyl CoA and succinyl CoA. Suggest a plausible reaction sequence, based…

A: The degradation of branch chain amino acids is catalyzed by an aminotransferase which was present in…

Q: To enhance gluconeogenesis using acetyl COA from the oxidation of fatty acids, the normal TCA cycle…

A:

Q: One of the regulators of the TCA cycle is succinyl CoA.  Discuss the rationale for this molecule to…

A: The TCA cycle is a vital biochemical process in the glucose catabolism pathway. The TCA cycle is…

Q: How many ATP can be produced by the complete oxidation of each propionyl-CoA product of fatty acid…

A: Complete oxidation of fatty acyl CoA takes place during Krebs cycle which produced reduced…

Q: what is the correct sequence of reactions on the given choices with regard to beta oxidation of…

A: Lipid is a biomolecule that is not soluble in water. It plays a vital role as an effective cell…

Q: . Glucagon secretion causes inhibition of intracellular acetyl-CoA car- boxylase activity by several…

A: Glucagon - It is a hormone, has the ability to regulate the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. It…

Q: One of the regulators of the TCA cycle is succinyl CoA.  Discuss the rationale for this molecule to…

A: TCA cycle is also known as the Krebs cycle. This cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. In this…

Q: Suppose that aconitase did not bind its substrate asymmetrically. What fraction of the carbon atoms…

A: The citric acid cycle- also known as the TCA cycle or the krebs cycle is a series of chemical…

Q: The peroxisomal enzyme b-ketoacyl–CoA-thiolase does notbind medium-chain acyl-CoA, in contrast to…

A: The peroxisomal enzyme beta-ketoacyl CoA thiolase does not bind medium chain acyl CoA in contrast to…

Q: In the fatty acid degradation of the following molecule: How many Acetyl CoA, NADH, and FADH2 will…

A: The fatty acids are degraded by beta-oxidation that occurs within the mitochondrial matrix and…

Q: If acyetal-CoA dehydrogenase was unavailable, malonyl-CoA could not be made from aceytal-CoA. That…

A: There is no enzyme called acyetal CoA dehydrogenase or acetyl CoA dehydrogenase. The enzyme that…

Q: please do part b

A: Lovastatin is a HMG CoA reductase inhibitor mainly used in the treatment of dyslipidemia. It mainly…

Q: Glucagon secretion causes inhibition of intracellular acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity by several…

A: Glucagon, a hormone, has the ability to regulate the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. It is able…

Q: Which of the following best describes statins mechanism of action? Group of answer choices It is an…

A: Statins are the inhibitors of the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme. The HMG-CoA reductase enzyme is involved…

Q: Citrate Synthase exists as a dimer but can catalyze the formation of only 1 citrate from Acetyl-CoA…

A: The formation of citrate from Acetyl- CoA, and Oxaloacetate is catalyzed by the enzyme citrate…

Q: During the substrate-level phosphorylation reaction of the TCA cycle, _______________ is…

A: Phosphorylation can be defined as the biochemical process in which there is an addition of the…

Q: Name some HMG CoA reductase inhibitors? Please answer at your own words.

A: HMG-CoA Reductase (3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA) is the rate-limiting enzyme of the cholesterol…

Q: Discuss the metabolic rationale for phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase by AMP-activated…

A: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a central regulator of energy homeostasis. Numerous…

Q: Name one reaction of glycolysis, one anaplerotic reaction, and one reaction of TCA cycle that…

A: Allosteric regulation is the process of controlling an enzyme, either by activating or inhibiting…

Q: Describe the roles of dUTPase, thymidylate synthase, and dihydrofolate reductase in the synthesis of…

A: The de novo dTMP synthesis pathway catalyzes conversion of deoxyuridylate (dUMP) to dTMP.

Q: Suppose that aconitase did not bind its substrate asymmetrically. What fraction of the carbon atoms…

A: Aconitase : It is an enzyme that catalyses the stereo-specific isomerization of citrate to…

Q: The end products of tryptophan degradation are acetyl CoA and acetoacetyl CoA, yet tryptophan is a…

A: Introduction The catabolism of carbon skeletons of amino acids results in seven metabolic products.…

Q: Considering the complete oxidation of an 18-C fatty acid. Give the answer to the following question.…

A: Stearic acid has 18 carbon. Consider 2n=18, n=9. Beta oxidation of 2n carbon acid takes place in n-1…

Q: The products of pyrimidine base catabolism, β-alanine and β-aminoisobutyrate, can be further…

A: Pyrimidine bases are cytosine and thymine in DNA and cytosine and uracil in RNA. Catabolism of…

Q: Write the names of the reactions in which Acetyl CoA is obtained and used in metabolism and explain…

A: Acetyl CoA is a molecule that is known to participate in a number of chemical reactions. The…

Q: Explain why it makes metabolic sense for acetyl-CoA, which is not a substrate for gluconeogenesis,…

A: Acetyl-CoA : It is a molecule that participates in many biochemical reactions in protein,…

Q: In the first step of the TCA cycle the acetyl group of acetyl-CoA is transferred to oxaloacetate to…

A: Citric acid cycle, also known as tricarboxylic acid cycle or Krebs cycle occurs in the…

Q: Mammals cannot undergo net synthesis of carbohydrate from acetyl-CoA, but the carbons of acetyl-CoA…

A: Glucose is catabolized to generate ATP by respiration. The carbon chain in glucose is oxidized and…

Q: Synthesis of the activated form of acetate (acetyl-CoA) is carried out in an ATP-dependent…

A: Cellular respiration is a catabolic pathway of the process of metabolism, where a series of chemical…

Q: In response low density lipoprotein (LDL), cells elevate the activity of ATP-citrate lyase, which…

A: There are different types of cholesterol circulating in the blood. They are classified based on…

Q: rounds of beta axidation are required to produce complete oxidation of this fatty acid: CH3(CH2)7CH…

A: Beta oxidation is a fatty acid (FA) oxidation process which occurs in the mitochondria. Fatty acids…

Q: Explain why, glucose-6-phosphate will prefer to go via the pentose phosphate route. What additional…

A: Metabolism includes biosynthesis/ reduction (an anabolic process) and oxidation (catabolic…

Q: One treatment for shock is to administer dichloroacetate (DCA), which inhibits the kinase associated…

A: The enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is involved in the conversion of pyruvate produced in the…

Q: The TCA cycle entails eight enzymatically catalyzed steps starting with the entry of acetyl-CoA into…

A: The Tricarboxylic acid cycle (Citric acid cycle) is the main energy-producing metabolic pathway in…

Q: explain the difference between pyruvate carrier and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?

A: Pyruvate refers to the conjugate base of pyruvic acid is an important intermediate in many metabolic…

Q: The same reactions that were seen in the process of converting pyruvate to acetyl-S-CoA, occur in…

A: Cellular respiration is a series of metabolic reactions and processes carried out in the cells of…

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.