AP* Chemistry: The Central Science (NASTA Edition)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780134650951
Author: Brown and Lemay
Publisher: PEARSON
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- 1-86 The specific heats of some elements at 25oC are as follows: aluminum = 0.215 cal/g · oC; carbon (graphite) = 0.170 caI/g oC; iron = 0.107 cal/g mercury = 0.033 1 caI/g oC. (a) Which element would require the smallest amount of heat to raise the temperature of 100 g of the element by 10oC? (b) If the same amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of aluminum by 25oC were applied to 1 g of mercury, by how many degrees would its temperature be raised? (c) If a certain amount of heat is used to raise the temperature of 1.6 g of iron by 10oC, the temperature of 1 g of which element would also be raised by 10oC, using the same amount of heat?arrow_forwardWhat properties distinguish solids from liquids? Liquids from gases? Solids from gases?arrow_forwardDuring a recent winter month in Sheboygan, Wisconsin, it was necessary to obtain 3500 kWh of heat provided by a natural gas furnace with 89% efficiency to keep a small house warm (the efficiency of a gas furnace is the percent of the heat produced by combustion that is transferred into the house). (a) Assume that natural gas is pure methane and determine the volume of natural gas in cubic feet that was required to heat the house. The average temperature of the natural gas was 56 F; at this temperature and a pressure of 1 atm, natural gas has a density of 0.68 1 g/L. (b) How many gallons of LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) would be required to replace the natural gas used? Assume the LPG is liquid propane [ C3H8 : density, 0.5318 g/mL; enthalpy of combustion, 2219 Id/mo for the formation of CO2(g) and H2O(l) ] and the furnace used to burn the LPG has the same efficiency as the gas furnace. (c) What mass of carbon dioxide is produced by combustion of the methane used to heat the house? (d) What mass of water is produced by combustion of the methane used to heat the house? (e) What volume of air is required to provide the oxygen for the combustion of the methane used to heat the house? Air contains 23% oxygen by mass. The average density of air during the month was 1.22 g/L. (f) How many kilowatt—hours ( 1kWh=3.6106 J) of electricity would be required to provide the heat necessary to heat the house? Note electricity is 100% efficient in producing heat inside a house. (g) Although electricity is 100% efficient in producing heat inside a house, production and distribution of electricity is not 100% efficient. The efficiency of production and distribution of electricity produced in a coal-fired power plant is about 40%. A certain type of coal provides 2.26 kWh per pound upon combustion. What mass of this coal in kilograms will be required to produce the electrical energy necessary to heat the house if the efficiency of generation and distribution is 40%?arrow_forward
- What is the main difference between electrostatic forces and gravitational forces? Which is more similar to the magnetic force? Can two or all three of these forces be exerted between two objects at the same time?arrow_forwardSuppose that you are closing a cabin in the north woods for the winter and you do not want the water in the toilet tank to freeze. You know that the temperature might get as low as 30. C, and you want to protect about 4.0 L water in the toilet tank from freezing. Calculate the volume of ethylene glycol (density = 1.113 g/mL; molar mass = 62.1 g/mol) you should add to the 4.0 L water.arrow_forwardThe following data refer to the element phosphorus. Classify each as a physical or a chemical property. (a) It exists in several forms, for example, white, black, and red phosphorus. (b) It is a solid at 25C and 1 atm. (c) It is insoluble in water. (d) It burns in chlorine to form phosphorus trichloride.arrow_forward
- aIs the process of boiling water exothermic or endothermic with respect to the water? bA charged object is moved closer to another object that has the same charge. The energy of the system changes. Is it a change in kinetic energy or potential energy? Is the energy changes an increase or a decrease?arrow_forwardIdentify the following properties as either extensive or intensive. volume temperature humidity heat boiling pointarrow_forward
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