According to the American Management Association, most U.S. companies now test at least some employees and job applicants for drug use. The U.S. National Institute on Drug Abuse claims that about 15% of people in the 18-25 age bracket use illegal drugs. Allyn Clark, a 21 year-old college graduate, applied for a job at the Acton Paper Company, took a drug test, and was not offered a job. He suspected that he might have failed the drug test, even though he does not use drugs. In checking with the company's personnel department, he found that the drug test has 99% sensitivity, which means that only 1% of drug users incorrectly test negative. Also, the test has 98% specificity, meaning that only 2% of nonusers are incorrectly identified as drug users. Allyn felt relieved by these figures because he believed that they reflected a very reliable test that usually provides good results. But is this really true? The accompanying table shows data for Allyn and 1,499 other job applicants. Based…

Bruce had a disagreement with a new federal agency set up to give additional funds for college to individuals with an aptitude for math. After a hearing, the agency determined that Bruce had no aptitude for math and that he would not receive any funding. Bruce, however, was not discouraged. He told his friend Laura, who just graduated from law school, that he would simply appeal the decision to federal court, have the judge do a fresh review, and provide additional information to the judge regarding his math aptitude that the agency did not have. He feels certain that he will win at the federal court level. Assuming the decision by the administrative agency was a factual finding, what should Laura tell Bruce regarding the standard of review the administrative agency will likely apply?That the agency will likely apply a de novo, or new, review.That the agency will likely apply an arbitrary and capricious standard in any review.That the agency will likely apply a substantial evidence…

The Heinlein and Krampf Brokerage firm has just been instructed by one of its clients to invest $250,000 of her money obtained recently through the sale of land holdings in Ohio. The client has a good deal of trust in the investment house, but she also has her own ideas about the distribution of the funds being invested. In particular, she requests that the firm select whatever stocks and bonds they believe are well rated but within the following guidelines: Municipal bonds should constitute at least 20% of the investment. At least 40% of the funds should be placed in a combination of electronic firms, aerospace firms, and drug manufacturers. No more than 50% of the amount invested in municipal bonds should be placed in a high-risk, high-yield nursing home stock. Subject to these restraints, the client’s goal is to maximize projected return on investments. The analysts at Heinlein and Krampf, aware of these guidelines, prepare a list of high-quality stocks and bonds and their…