The type of orbital of ground state germanium atom from which an electron will be removed to form + 1 i o n has to be written. Concept Introduction: Electronic configuration: The electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals. Electrons occupy the lowest energy orbitals. The increasing order of orbital energy is s , p , d a n d f . The lowest energy orbital is l s . The energy order of the orbital for the first three periods is as follows, l s , 2 s , 2 p , 3 s , a n d 3 p . The orbital which is closer to the nucleus has lower energy; therefore the 2 s is lower in energy than 3 s . Accordingly 2 s is lower in energy than 2 p a n d 4 s is lower in energy than 3 d . In general, the orbitals can hold maximum of two electrons, the two electrons must have opposite spin. The subshell ordering by Aufbau principle is given below, l s , 2 s , 2 p , 3 s , 3 p , 4 s , 3 d , 4 p , 5 s , 4 d , 5 p , 6 s , 4 f , 5 d , 6 p , 7 s , 5 f , 6 d , 7 p , 8 s , ...

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1E.17E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of orbital of ground state germanium atom from which an electron will be removed to form +1 ion has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Electronic configuration: The electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals.

Electrons occupy the lowest energy orbitals. The increasing order of orbital energy is s, p, d and f.    The lowest energy orbital is ls.

The energy order of the orbital for the first three periods is as follows,

    ls, 2s, 2p, 3s, and 3p.

The orbital which is closer to the nucleus has lower energy; therefore the 2s is lower in energy than 3s.   Accordingly 2s is lower in energy than 2p and 4s is lower in energy than 3d.

In general, the orbitals can hold maximum of two electrons, the two electrons must have opposite spin.

The subshell ordering by Aufbau principle is given below,

ls, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p, 8s, ...

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of orbital of ground state manganese atom from which an electron will be removed to form +1 ion has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of orbital of ground state barium atom from which an electron will be removed to form +1 ion has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of orbital of ground state gold atom from which an electron will be removed to form +1 ion has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

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Boron, atomic number 5, occurs naturally as two isotopes, 10B and 11B, with natural abundances of 19.9% and 80.1%, respectively. (a) In what ways do the two isotopes differ from each other? Does the electronic configuration of 10B differ from that of 11B? (b) Draw the orbital diagram for an atom of 11B. Which electrons are the valence electrons? (c) Indicate three ways in which the 1s electrons in boron differ from its 2s electrons. (d) Elemental boron reacts with fluorine to form BF3, a gas. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of solid boron with fluorine gas. (e) ΔHf° for BF3(g) is -1135.6 kj/mol. Calculate the standard enthalpy change in the reaction of boron with fluorine. (f) Will the mass percentage of F be the same in 10BF3 and 11BF3? If not, why is that the case?

Boron, atomic number 5, occurs naturally as two isotopes, 10B and 11B, with natural abundances of 19.9% and 80.1%, respectively.(a) In what ways do the two isotopes differ from each other? Does the electronic configuration of 10B differ from that of 11B? (b) Drawthe orbital diagram for an atom of 11B. Which electrons are the valence electrons? (c) Indicate three ways in which the 1s electrons inboron differ from its 2s electrons. (d) Elemental boron reacts with fluorine to form BF3, a gas. Write a balanced chemical equation forthe reaction of solid boron with fluorine gas. (e) ΔHf° for BF31g2 is -1135.6 kJ>mol. Calculate the standard enthalpy change in thereaction of boron with fluorine. (f) Will the mass percentage of F be the same in 10BF3 and 11BF3? If not, why is that the case?

When a nonmetal oxide reacts with water, it forms anoxoacid with the same nonmetal oxidation state. Give the name and formula of the oxide used to prepare each of these oxoacids:(a) hypochlorous acid; (b) chlorous acid; (c) chloric acid; (d) perchloric acid; (e) sulfuric acid; (f ) sulfurous acid; (g) nitricacid; (h) nitrous acid; (i) carbonic acid; ( j) phosphoric acid.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1E.17E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of orbital of ground state germanium atom from which an electron will be removed to form +1 ion has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Electronic configuration: The electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals.

Electrons occupy the lowest energy orbitals. The increasing order of orbital energy is s, p, d and f.    The lowest energy orbital is ls.

The energy order of the orbital for the first three periods is as follows,

    ls, 2s, 2p, 3s, and 3p.

The orbital which is closer to the nucleus has lower energy; therefore the 2s is lower in energy than 3s.   Accordingly 2s is lower in energy than 2p and 4s is lower in energy than 3d.

In general, the orbitals can hold maximum of two electrons, the two electrons must have opposite spin.

The subshell ordering by Aufbau principle is given below,

ls, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p, 8s, ...

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of orbital of ground state manganese atom from which an electron will be removed to form +1 ion has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of orbital of ground state barium atom from which an electron will be removed to form +1 ion has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of orbital of ground state gold atom from which an electron will be removed to form +1 ion has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1E.17E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of orbital of ground state germanium atom from which an electron will be removed to form +1 ion has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Electronic configuration: The electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals.

Electrons occupy the lowest energy orbitals. The increasing order of orbital energy is s, p, d and f.    The lowest energy orbital is ls.

The energy order of the orbital for the first three periods is as follows,

    ls, 2s, 2p, 3s, and 3p.

The orbital which is closer to the nucleus has lower energy; therefore the 2s is lower in energy than 3s.   Accordingly 2s is lower in energy than 2p and 4s is lower in energy than 3d.

In general, the orbitals can hold maximum of two electrons, the two electrons must have opposite spin.

The subshell ordering by Aufbau principle is given below,

ls, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p, 8s, ...

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of orbital of ground state manganese atom from which an electron will be removed to form +1 ion has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of orbital of ground state barium atom from which an electron will be removed to form +1 ion has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of orbital of ground state gold atom from which an electron will be removed to form +1 ion has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1E.17E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of orbital of ground state germanium atom from which an electron will be removed to form +1 ion has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Electronic configuration: The electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals.

Electrons occupy the lowest energy orbitals. The increasing order of orbital energy is s, p, d and f.    The lowest energy orbital is ls.

The energy order of the orbital for the first three periods is as follows,

    ls, 2s, 2p, 3s, and 3p.

The orbital which is closer to the nucleus has lower energy; therefore the 2s is lower in energy than 3s.   Accordingly 2s is lower in energy than 2p and 4s is lower in energy than 3d.

In general, the orbitals can hold maximum of two electrons, the two electrons must have opposite spin.

The subshell ordering by Aufbau principle is given below,

ls, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p, 8s, ...

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of orbital of ground state manganese atom from which an electron will be removed to form +1 ion has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of orbital of ground state barium atom from which an electron will be removed to form +1 ion has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of orbital of ground state gold atom from which an electron will be removed to form +1 ion has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

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Answer 5

Chapter 1, Problem 1E.17E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of orbital of ground state germanium atom from which an electron will be removed to form +1 ion has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Electronic configuration: The electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals.

Electrons occupy the lowest energy orbitals. The increasing order of orbital energy is s, p, d and f.    The lowest energy orbital is ls.

The energy order of the orbital for the first three periods is as follows,

    ls, 2s, 2p, 3s, and 3p.

The orbital which is closer to the nucleus has lower energy; therefore the 2s is lower in energy than 3s.   Accordingly 2s is lower in energy than 2p and 4s is lower in energy than 3d.

In general, the orbitals can hold maximum of two electrons, the two electrons must have opposite spin.

The subshell ordering by Aufbau principle is given below,

ls, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p, 8s, ...

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of orbital of ground state manganese atom from which an electron will be removed to form +1 ion has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of orbital of ground state barium atom from which an electron will be removed to form +1 ion has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of orbital of ground state gold atom from which an electron will be removed to form +1 ion has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 6

Chapter 1, Problem 1E.17E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of orbital of ground state germanium atom from which an electron will be removed to form +1 ion has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Electronic configuration: The electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals.

Electrons occupy the lowest energy orbitals. The increasing order of orbital energy is s, p, d and f.    The lowest energy orbital is ls.

The energy order of the orbital for the first three periods is as follows,

    ls, 2s, 2p, 3s, and 3p.

The orbital which is closer to the nucleus has lower energy; therefore the 2s is lower in energy than 3s.   Accordingly 2s is lower in energy than 2p and 4s is lower in energy than 3d.

In general, the orbitals can hold maximum of two electrons, the two electrons must have opposite spin.

The subshell ordering by Aufbau principle is given below,

ls, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p, 8s, ...

Answer 7

Chapter 1, Problem 1E.17E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of orbital of ground state germanium atom from which an electron will be removed to form +1 ion has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Electronic configuration: The electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals.

Electrons occupy the lowest energy orbitals. The increasing order of orbital energy is s, p, d and f.    The lowest energy orbital is ls.

The energy order of the orbital for the first three periods is as follows,

    ls, 2s, 2p, 3s, and 3p.

The orbital which is closer to the nucleus has lower energy; therefore the 2s is lower in energy than 3s.   Accordingly 2s is lower in energy than 2p and 4s is lower in energy than 3d.

In general, the orbitals can hold maximum of two electrons, the two electrons must have opposite spin.

The subshell ordering by Aufbau principle is given below,

ls, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p, 8s, ...

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of orbital of ground state manganese atom from which an electron will be removed to form +1 ion has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of orbital of ground state manganese atom from which an electron will be removed to form +1 ion has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of orbital of ground state barium atom from which an electron will be removed to form +1 ion has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of orbital of ground state barium atom from which an electron will be removed to form +1 ion has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of orbital of ground state gold atom from which an electron will be removed to form +1 ion has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of orbital of ground state gold atom from which an electron will be removed to form +1 ion has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 14

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 15

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 1 - Prob. 1A.1AST Ch. 1 - Prob. 1A.1BST Ch. 1 - Prob. 1A.2AST Ch. 1 - Prob. 1A.2BST Ch. 1 - Prob. 1A.1E Ch. 1 - Prob. 1A.3E Ch. 1 - Prob. 1A.4E Ch. 1 - Prob. 1A.5E Ch. 1 - Prob. 1A.6E Ch. 1 - Prob. 1A.7E

Solution Summary: The author explains the electron configuration, which is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals.

Concept explainers

Interpretation:

The type of orbital of ground state manganese atom from which an electron will be removed to form +1 ion has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Interpretation:

The type of orbital of ground state barium atom from which an electron will be removed to form +1 ion has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Interpretation:

The type of orbital of ground state gold atom from which an electron will be removed to form +1 ion has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

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Chapter 1 Solutions

Solution Summary: The author explains the electron configuration, which is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals.

Concept explainers

Interpretation: The type of orbital of ground state manganese atom from which an electron will be removed to form +1 ion has to be written. Concept Introduction: Refer to part (a).

Interpretation: The type of orbital of ground state barium atom from which an electron will be removed to form +1 ion has to be written. Concept Introduction: Refer to part (a).

Interpretation: The type of orbital of ground state gold atom from which an electron will be removed to form +1 ion has to be written. Concept Introduction: Refer to part (a).

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Chapter 1 Solutions

Interpretation:

The type of orbital of ground state manganese atom from which an electron will be removed to form +1 ion has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Interpretation:

The type of orbital of ground state barium atom from which an electron will be removed to form +1 ion has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Interpretation:

The type of orbital of ground state gold atom from which an electron will be removed to form +1 ion has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).