Chapter 1, Problem 32PP

a.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: All the constitutional isomers that have molecular formulas ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}\text{Cl}$ should be drawn.

Concept Introduction: The molecules that possess the same molecular formula but differ in the structural arrangement of atoms in the molecule are said to be isomers of each other.

Answer to Problem 32PP

  

Explanation of Solution

For the first isomer structure, all two-carbon atoms are written in a straight chain and the chlorine atom is bonded to one of the carbon atoms as:

  

There is no other possibility for the different structural formula ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}\text{Cl}$ so, the above-mentioned structure is the only isomer.

b.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: All the constitutional isomers that have molecular formulas ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_4{\text{Cl}}_2$ should be drawn.

Concept Introduction: The molecules that possess the same molecular formula but differ in the structural arrangement of atoms in the molecule are said to be isomers of each other.

Answer to Problem 32PP

Isomer I:

  

Isomer II:

  

Explanation of Solution

The different structural the arrangement of atoms in the molecule ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_4{\text{Cl}}_2$ are:

1. All two-carbon atoms are written in a straight chain and two chlorine atoms are bonded to one of the carbon atoms resulting in:

Isomer I:

  

2. Interchanging the position of one hydrogen atom at first carbon with one chlorine atom of the second carbon atom.

Isomer II:

  

c.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: All the constitutional isomers that have molecular formulas ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_3{\text{Cl}}_3$ should be drawn.

Concept Introduction: The molecules that possess the same molecular formula but differ in the structural arrangements of atoms in the molecule are said to be isomers of each other.

Answer to Problem 32PP

Isomer I:

  

Isomer II:

  

Explanation of Solution

The different structural arrangement of atoms in the molecule ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_3{\text{Cl}}_3$ are:

1. All two-carbon atoms are written in a straight chain and three chlorine atoms are bonded to one of the carbon atoms resulting in:

Isomer I:

  

2. Interchanging the position of one hydrogen atom at first carbon with one chlorine atom of the second carbon atom.

Isomer II:

  

d.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: All the constitutional isomers that have molecular formulas ${\text{C}}_6{\text{H}}_{14}$ should be drawn.

Concept Introduction: The molecules that possess the same molecular formula but differ in the structural arrangements of atoms in the molecule are said to be isomers of each other.

Answer to Problem 32PP

Isomer I:

  

Isomer II:

  

Isomer III:

  

Isomer IV:

  

Isomer V:

  

Explanation of Solution

The different structural arrangement of atoms in the molecule ${\text{C}}_6{\text{H}}_{14}$ are:

1. All six-carbon atoms are written in a straight chain resulting in:

Isomer I:

  

2. Five-carbon atoms are written in a straight chain and a methyl group is attached to the second carbon resulting in:

Isomer II:

  

3. Five-carbon atoms are written in a straight chain and a methyl group is attached to the third carbon resulting in:

Isomer III:

  

4. Four-carbon atoms are written in a straight chain and a methyl group is attached to the second and third carbon resulting in:

Isomer IV:

  

5. Four-carbon atoms are written in a straight chain and two methyl groups are attached to the second carbon resulting in:

Isomer V: