Chemistry: Structures and Properties, Books a la Carte Plus MasteringChemistry with eText -- Access Card Package
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780321974617
Author: Nivaldo J. Tro
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 1, Problem 53E
Interpretation Introduction
To determine:
The mass of oxygen per gram of sulfur for each sample and show that these results are consistent with law of multiple proportions.
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Chemistry: Structures and Properties, Books a la Carte Plus MasteringChemistry with eText -- Access Card Package
Ch. 1 - Which statement is true about matter? a) Matter is...Ch. 1 - A chemist mixes sodium with water and witnesses a...Ch. 1 - Two samples of a compound containing elements A...Ch. 1 - A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen has...Ch. 1 - Which concept was demostrated by Rutherford’s gold...Ch. 1 - A student re-creates Millikan’s oil drop...Ch. 1 - Prob. 7SAQCh. 1 - An isotope of an element contains 82 protons and...Ch. 1 - How many electrons are in the Cr3+ ion? 24...Ch. 1 - A naturally occurring sample of an element...
Ch. 1 - Copper has an atomic mass of 63.55 amu and two...Ch. 1 - Which sample contains the greatest number of...Ch. 1 - Explain this statement in your own words and give...Ch. 1 - Explain the main goal of chemistry.Ch. 1 - What are two different ways to classify matter?Ch. 1 - How do solids, liquids, and gases differ?Ch. 1 - Explain the difference between a pure substance...Ch. 1 - Explain the difference between an element and a...Ch. 1 - Explain the difference between a homogeneous and a...Ch. 1 - Describe the scientific approach to knowledge. How...Ch. 1 - Prob. 9ECh. 1 - What observations did Antoine Lavoisier make? What...Ch. 1 - What theory did John Dalton formulate?Ch. 1 - What is wrong with the expression, “That is just a...Ch. 1 - Summarize the history of the atomic idea. How was...Ch. 1 - Prob. 14ECh. 1 - State and explain the law of definite proportions.Ch. 1 - State and explain the law of multiple proportions....Ch. 1 - What are the main ideas in Dalton’s atomic theory?...Ch. 1 - How and by whom was the electron discovered? What...Ch. 1 - Explain Millikan’s oil drop experiment and how it...Ch. 1 - Prob. 20ECh. 1 - Describe Rutherford’s gold foil experiment. How...Ch. 1 - Describe Rutherford’s nuclear model of the atom....Ch. 1 - If matter is mostly empty space, as suggested by...Ch. 1 - List the three subatomic particles that compose...Ch. 1 - What defines an element?Ch. 1 - Explain the difference between Z (the atomic...Ch. 1 - Where do elements get their names?Ch. 1 - What are isotopes? What is percent natural...Ch. 1 - Describe the two different notations used to...Ch. 1 - Prob. 30ECh. 1 - Prob. 31ECh. 1 - Explain how a mass spectrometer works. What kind...Ch. 1 - Each shape represents a type of particle (such as...Ch. 1 - Using triangles to represent one type of atom and...Ch. 1 - Classify each substance as a pure substance or a...Ch. 1 - Classify each substance as a pure substance or a...Ch. 1 - Prob. 37ECh. 1 - Complete the table. Substance Pure or mixture Type...Ch. 1 - Determine whether each molecular diagram...Ch. 1 - Determine whether each molecular diagram...Ch. 1 - Classify each statement as an observation, a law,...Ch. 1 - Classify each statement as an observation, a law,...Ch. 1 - A chemist decomposes several samples of carbon...Ch. 1 - When astronomers observe distant galaxies, they...Ch. 1 - Prob. 45ECh. 1 - An automobile gasoline tank holds 21 kg of...Ch. 1 - Two samples of carbon tetrachloride are decomposed...Ch. 1 - Two samples of sodium chloride are decomposed into...Ch. 1 - The mass ratio of sodium to fluorine in sodium...Ch. 1 - Upon decomposition, one sample of magnesium...Ch. 1 - Two different compounds containing osmium and...Ch. 1 - Palladium forms three different compounds with...Ch. 1 - Prob. 53ECh. 1 - Sulfur and fluorine form several different...Ch. 1 - Which statements are consistent with Dalton’s...Ch. 1 - Which statements are inconsistent with Dalton’s...Ch. 1 - Which statements are consistent with Rutherford’s...Ch. 1 - Which statements are inconsistent with...Ch. 1 - A chemist in an imaginary universe, where...Ch. 1 - Imagine a unit of charge called the zorg. A...Ch. 1 - Which statements about subatomic particles are...Ch. 1 - Which statements about subatomic particles are...Ch. 1 - Write isotopic symbols in the form XA (e g., C-13)...Ch. 1 - Write isotopic symbols in the form ZAX for each...Ch. 1 - Determine the number of protons and the number of...Ch. 1 - Determine the number of protons and the number of...Ch. 1 - The amount of carbon-14 in ancient artifacts and...Ch. 1 - Uranium-235 is used in nuclear fission. Determine...Ch. 1 - Determine the number of protons and the number of...Ch. 1 - Determine the number of protons and the number of...Ch. 1 - Gallium has two naturally occurring isotopes with...Ch. 1 - Magnesium has three naturally occurring isotopes...Ch. 1 - The atomic mass of fluorine is 18.998 amu, and its...Ch. 1 - The atomic mass of copper is 63.546 amu. Do any...Ch. 1 - An element has two naturally occurring isotopes....Ch. 1 - An element has four naturally occuring isotopes...Ch. 1 - Bromine has two naturally occurring isotopes...Ch. 1 - Silicon has three naturally occurring isotopes...Ch. 1 - Use the mass spectrum of europium shown here to...Ch. 1 - Use the mass spectrum of rubidium shown here to...Ch. 1 - A 7.83-g sample of HCN contains 0.290 g of H and...Ch. 1 - The ratio of sulfur to oxygen by mass in SO2 is...Ch. 1 - Use the mass spectrum of lead shown here to...Ch. 1 - Use the mass spectrum of mercury shown here to...Ch. 1 - Nuclei with the same number of neutrons but...Ch. 1 - Fill in the blanks to complete the table. Symbol z...Ch. 1 - Silver is composed of two naturally occurring...Ch. 1 - To the right is a representation of 50 atoms of a...Ch. 1 - The ratio of oxygen to nitrogen by mass in NO2 is...Ch. 1 - Naturally occurring cobalt consists of only one...Ch. 1 - A 7.36-g sample of copper is contaminated with an...Ch. 1 - The ratio of the mass of O to the mass of N in...Ch. 1 - Naturally occurring magnesium has an atomic mass...Ch. 1 - A volatile liquid (one that readily evaporates) is...Ch. 1 - The diagram to the right represents solid carbon...Ch. 1 - Use triangles to represent atoms of element A and...Ch. 1 - Identify each statement as being most like an...
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- Hydrazine, ammonia, and hydrogen azide all contain only nitrogen and hydrogen. The mass of hydrogen that combines with 1.00 g of nitrogen for each compound is 1.44 101 g, 2.16 101 g, and 2.40 102 g, respectively. Show how these data illustrate the law of multiple proportions.arrow_forwardDetermine whether each statement that follows is true or false. a Dalton proposed that atoms of different elements always combine on a one-to-one basis. b According to Dalton, all oxygen atoms have the same diameter. c The mass of an electron is about the same as the mass of a proton. d There are subatomic particles in addition to the electron, proton, and neutron. e The mass of an atom is uniformly distributed throughout the atom. f Most of the particles fired into the gold foil in the Rutherford experiment were not deflected. g The masses of the proton and electron are equal but opposite in sign. h Isotopes of an element have different electrical charges. i The atomic number of an element is the number of particles in the nucleus of an atom of that element. j An oxygen 16 atom has the same number of protons as an oxygen17 atom. k The nuclei of nitrogen atoms have a different number of protons from the nuclei of any other element. l Neutral atoms of sulfur have a different number of electrons from neutral atoms of any other element. m Isotopes of different elements that exhibit the same mass number exhibit similar chemical behavior. n The mass number of carbon 12 atom is exactly 12g. o Periods are arranged vertically in the periodic table. p The atomic mass of the second element in the farthest right column of the periodic table is 10u. q Nb is the symbol of the element for which Z=41. r Elements in the same column of the periodic table have similar properties. s The element for which Z=38 is in both Group 2A/2 and the fifth period.arrow_forwardTwo elements, R and Q, combine to form two binary compounds. In the first compound, 14.0 g of R combines with 3.00 g of Q. In the second compound, 7.00 g of R combines with 4.50 g of Q. Show that these data are in accord with the law of multiple proportions. If the formula of the second compound is RQ, what is the formula of the first compound?arrow_forward
- Constant Composition of Compounds Two samples of sugar are decomposed into their constituent elements. One sample of sugar produces 18.0 g carbon, 3.0 g hydrogen, and 24.0 g oxygen; the other sample produces 24.0 g carbon, 4.0 g hydrogen, and 32.0 g oxygen. Find the ratio of carbon to hydrogen and the ratio of oxygen to hydrogen for each of the samples, and show they are consistent with the law of constant composition.arrow_forwardEach of the following statements is true, but Dalton might have had trouble explaining some of them with his atomic theory. Give explanations for the following statements. a. The space-filling models for ethyl alcohol and dimethyl ether are shown below. These two compounds have die same composition by mass (52% carbon, 13% hydrogen, and 35% oxygen), yet the two have different melting points, boiling points, and solubilities in water. b. Burning wood leaves an ash that is only a small fraction of the mass of the original wood. c. Atoms can be broken down into smaller particles. d. One sample of lithium hydride is 87.4% lithium by mass, while another sample of lithium hydride Ls 74.9% lithium by mass. However, the two samples have the same chemical properties.arrow_forwardA single molecule has a mass of 7.31 1023 g. Provide an example of a real molecule that can have this mass. Assume the elements that make up the molecule are made of light isotopes where the number of protons equals the number of neutrons in the nucleus of each element.arrow_forward
- The following isotopes have applications in medicine. Write their symbols in the form XZA. a. cobalt-60 b. phosphorus-32 c. iodine-131 d. sulfur-35arrow_forwardAn isotope of an element contains 63 protons and 91 neutrons. (a) Identify the element and give its symbol. (b) Give the elements atomic number. (c) Give the mass number of the isotope. (d) This element has two naturally occurring isotopes. Given the information in the table, calculate the atomic weight of the element. (e) In which region of the periodic table is the element found? Explain your answer. (f) Is the element a metal, metalloid, or nonmetal? Explain your answer. (g) This element, used in compact fluorescent light bulbs and computer screens, has an atomic radius of 180 pm. Calculate how long the chain of atoms would be if all the atoms in a 1.25-mg sample of this element were put into a row.arrow_forwardTwo samples of different compounds of sulfur and oxygen have the following compositions. Show that the compounds follow the law of multiple proportions. What is the ratio of oxygen in the two compounds for a fixed amount of sulfur? Amount S Amount O Compound A l.210g 1.811 g Compound B 1.783 g 1.779 garrow_forward
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