Chemistry for Engineering Students
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781337398909
Author: Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 10, Problem 10.18PAE
Some games include dice with more than six sides. If you roll two eight-sided dice, with faces numbered one through eight, what is the probability of rolling two eights? What is the most probable roll?
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Chemistry for Engineering Students
Ch. 10 - Prob. 1COCh. 10 - . explain the concept of entropy in your own...Ch. 10 - Prob. 3COCh. 10 - . state the second law of thermodynamics in words...Ch. 10 - Prob. 5COCh. 10 - Prob. 6COCh. 10 - Prob. 7COCh. 10 - Prob. 8COCh. 10 - Prob. 9COCh. 10 - Prob. 10CO
Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.1PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.2PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.3PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.4PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.5PAECh. 10 - Use the web to learn how many pounds of plastics...Ch. 10 - On the basis of your experience, predict which of...Ch. 10 - In the thermodynamic definition of a spontaneous...Ch. 10 - 1f the combustion of butane is spontaneous, how...Ch. 10 - Identify each of the processes listed as...Ch. 10 - Identify each of the processes listed as...Ch. 10 - Athletic trainers use instant ice packs that can...Ch. 10 - Are any of the following exothermic processes not...Ch. 10 - Enthalpy changes often help predict whether or not...Ch. 10 - When a fossil fuel burns, is that fossil fuel the...Ch. 10 - Murphy's law is a whimsical rule that says that...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.17PAECh. 10 - Some games include dice with more than six sides....Ch. 10 - How does probability relate to spontaneity?Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.20PAECh. 10 - For each pair of items, tell which has the higher...Ch. 10 - For each process, tell whether the entropy change...Ch. 10 - Without doing a calculation, predict whether the...Ch. 10 - For the following chemical reactions, predict the...Ch. 10 - What happens to the entropy of the universe during...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.26PAECh. 10 - One statement of the second law of thermodynamics...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.28PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.29PAECh. 10 - Which reaction occurs with the greater increase in...Ch. 10 - Which reaction occurs with the greater increase in...Ch. 10 - Methanol is burned as fuel in some race cars. This...Ch. 10 - Limestone is predominantly CaCO3, which can...Ch. 10 - Suppose that you find out that a system has an...Ch. 10 - Use tabulated thermodynamic data to calculate the...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.36PAECh. 10 - Calculate S for the dissolution of magnesium...Ch. 10 - Calculate the standard entropy change for the...Ch. 10 - Through photosynthesis, plants build molecules of...Ch. 10 - Find websites describing two different attempts to...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.41PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.42PAECh. 10 - Under what conditions does G allow us to predict...Ch. 10 - There is another free energy state function, the...Ch. 10 - 10.45 Calculate G at 45°C for reactions for which...Ch. 10 - 10.46 Discuss the effect of temperature change on...Ch. 10 - The reaction CO2(g)+H2(g)CO(g)+H2O(g) is not...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.48PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.49PAECh. 10 - For the reaction NO(g)+NO2(g)N2O3(g) , use...Ch. 10 - 10.51 The combustion of acetylene was used in...Ch. 10 - Natural gas (methane) is being used in...Ch. 10 - Silicon forms a series of compounds analogous to...Ch. 10 - Explain why Gf of O2 (g) is zero.Ch. 10 - Using tabulated thermodynamic data, calculate G...Ch. 10 - Using tabulated thermodynamic data, calculate G...Ch. 10 - Calculate G for the dissolution of both sodium...Ch. 10 - Phosphorus exists in multiple solid phases,...Ch. 10 - 10.59 The normal melting point of benzene, C6H6,...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.60PAECh. 10 - Estimate the temperature range over which each of...Ch. 10 - Recall that incomplete combustion of fossil fuels...Ch. 10 - During polymerization, the system usually becomes...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.64PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.65PAECh. 10 - The recycling of polymers represents only one...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.67PAECh. 10 - When ice melts, its volume decreases. Despite this...Ch. 10 - 10.69 If a sample of air were separated into...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.70PAECh. 10 - An explosion brings down an old building, leaving...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.72PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.73PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.74PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.75PAECh. 10 - Some say that the job of an engineer is to fight...Ch. 10 - A beaker of water at 40C (on the left in the...Ch. 10 - Why is it usually easier to use G to determine the...Ch. 10 - The molecular scale pictures below show snapshots...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.80PAECh. 10 - Diethyl ether is a liquid at normal temperature...Ch. 10 - Calculate the entropy change, S , for the...Ch. 10 - Gallium metal has a melting point of 29.8°C. Use...Ch. 10 - Methane can be produced from CO and H2.The process...Ch. 10 - 10.85 Iodine is not very soluble in water, but it...Ch. 10 - The enthalpy of vaporization for water is 40.65 kJ...Ch. 10 - Determine whether each of the following statements...Ch. 10 - Nickel metal reacts with carbon monoxide to form...Ch. 10 - Polyethylene has a heat capacity of 2,3027 J g-1...Ch. 10 - A key component in many chemical engineering...Ch. 10 - The reaction shown below is involved in the...Ch. 10 - Using only the data given below, determine G for...Ch. 10 - The graph below shows G as a function of...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.94PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.95PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.96PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.97PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.98PAECh. 10 - Thermodynamics provides a way to interpret...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.100PAECh. 10 - 10.101 Fluorine reacts with liquid water to form...Ch. 10 - 10.102 Ammonia can react with oxygen gas to form...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.103PAECh. 10 - 10.104 (a) When a chemical bond forms, what...
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- Consider a system similar to the one in Figure 16.8, except that it contains six particles instead of four. What is the probability of having all the particles in only one of the two boxes in the case? Compare this with the similar probability for the system of four particles that we have derived to be equal to 18 . What does this comparison tell us about even larger systems?arrow_forward9.19 If the algebraic sign of E is negative, in which direction has energy flowed?arrow_forwardWhich would you predict should be larger for a given substance: HvaporHfus? Explain why.arrow_forward
- Calculate G in two different ways for the combustion of benzene: 2C6H6(l)+15O2(g)12CO2(g)+6H2O(l) Are the two values equal?arrow_forwardConsider the following illustration of six molecules of gas in a two-bulbed flask. a. What is the most likely arrangement of molecules? How many microstates are there for this arrangement? b. Determine the probability of finding the gas in its most likely arrangement.arrow_forward9.36 Define the term calibration.arrow_forward
- You have a l.00-mole sample of water at 30.C and you heat it until you have gaseous water at 140.C. Calculate q for the entire process. Use the following data. Specificheatcapacityofice=2.03J/CgSpecificheatcapacityofwater=4.18J/CgSpecificheatcapacityofsteam=2.02J/Cg H2O(s)H2O(l)Hfusion=6.02KJ/mol(at0C)H2O(l)H2O(g)Hvaporization=40.7KJ/mol(at100.C)arrow_forwardWrite the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of benzene, C6H6(l), to give carbon dioxide and water vapor. Would you expect S to be positive or negative in this process?arrow_forwardConsider the following energy levels, each capable of holding two particles: Draw all the possible arrangements of the two identical particles (represented by X) in the three energy levels. What total energy is most likely, that is, occurs the greatest number of times? Assume that the particles are indistinguishable from each other.arrow_forward
- 9.11 Analyze the units of the quantity (pressurevolume) and show that they are energy units, consistent with the idea of PV-work.arrow_forwardPolyethylene has a heat capacity of 2,3027 J g-1 °C-1. You need to decide if 1.0 ounce of polyethylene can be used to package a material that will be releasing heat when in use. Consumer safety specifications indicate that the maximum allowable temperature for the polyethylene is 45C. It can be assumed that the plastic is initially at room temperature. (a) What temperature will the polyethylene reach if the product generates 1500 J of heat and all of this energy is absorbed by the plastic package? (b) Is this a realistic estimate of the temperature that the polyethylene packaging would reach? Explain your answer. (c) What is the enthalpy change of the polyethylene? (d) Estimate the entropy change of the polyethylene. (You will need to assume that the temperature of the plastic is constant.)arrow_forward
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