Concept explainers
Introduction:
Human blood group classification is based on two agglutinogens, A and B. Apart from these two agglutinogens, there is another type of agglutinogen, called agglutinogen D, that is found in human body. Agglutinogen D is responsible for Rh (Rhesus) blood classification. The person who carries agglutinogen D belongs to Rh+ (Rhesus positive) group and who lacks this agglutinogen belongs to Rh− (Rhesus negative) group.
Hemolysis means rupture of the red blood cells (RBCs). When an Rh− individual receives blood from an Rh+ person, the immune cells of Rh− person attack the agglutinogen D of Rh+ blood as an antigen. This causes rupture of the RBCs. Hemolysis does not occur in first-time blood transfusion as the body needs time to create antibodies against the Rh antigen. After the formation of antibodies, Rh− blood always reacts with Rh+ blood when both these blood types come in contact.
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